Table 1.
Specific scenarios used for the optimization modeling with a focus on achieving nutrient levels at lowest cost along with low GHG emissions.
Table 2.
Additional scenarios covering specific dietary patterns and aspects of the New Zealand diet.
Table 3.
Daily costs, emissions of greenhouse gases and nutrient intakes for the different dietary scenarios.
Table 4.
Simulation intervals of selected foods (with daily weights of foods in g/day) included in the various daily dietary scenarios for the lowest cost diet (C1); a low-cost and low-GHG emissions diet (G1); and C1 and G1 with NZ GHGs values as a result of the optimization process (n = 2000 iterations).
Table 5.
Simulation intervals (addressing uncertainty and heterogeneity) for daily costs, emissions of greenhouse gases and nutrient intakes for the dietary scenarios with for the lowest cost (C1) diet; and a low-cost and low-GHG emissions diet (G1) as a result of the optimization process (n = 2000 iterations).
Figure 1.
Cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per day of the various optimized daily dietary scenarios.
* *The point estimate for the typical UK diet (at £UK 6.59/d and 7.40 kg CO2e/d), came from work by Berners-Lee et al [37], and it is adjusted to NZ$. There are some differences in approach to food wastage by these authors relative to our New Zealand results (i.e. we took a more food-specific approach, albeit also using UK food wastage data). All NZ values are for men consuming 11,450+ kJ and using UK GHGs values for foods unless otherwise indicated. Bars for C1 and G1 indicate 95% simulation intervals (see Table 5).