Table 1.
Summary information from each sampling site, including infection data.
Figure 1.
Phylogenetic relationships of the Plasmodium cyt-b lineages.
Plasmodium malariae was used as outgroup. Numbers located near of the branches indicate Bayesian probability values. Symbols depict the different habitats (star: Atlantic rainforest; circle: Brazilian savannah; triangle: seasonally dry forest). Family birds are coded (BUC = Bucconidae; CAD = Cardinalidae; COE = Coerebidae; CON = Conopophagidae; DEN = Dendrocolaptidae; EMB = Emberezidae; FOR = Formicaridae; FRI = Fringilidae; FUR = Furnaridae; GAL = Galbulidae; ICT = Icteridae; PAR = Parulidae; PIC = Picidae; PIP = Pipridae; POL = Polioptidae; THA = Thamnophilidae; THR = Thraupidae; TRO = Troglodytidae; TUR = Turdidade; TYR = Tyranidae; VIR = Vireonidae).
Figure 2.
Phylogenetic relationships of the Haemoproteus cyt-b lineages.
Plasmodium malariae was used as outgroup. Numbers located near of the branches indicate Bayesian probability values. Symbols depict the different habitats (star: Atlantic rainforest; circle: Brazilian savannah; triangle: seasonally dry forest). Family birds are coded as shown in figure 2.
Figure 3.
Scatterplots showing placement within non-dimensional metric scaling (NMDS) ordination space of bird species and parasite lineages compositions.
NMDS is a nonparametric ordination technique that maps ranked data non-linearly onto ordination space using both taxa composition and abundance. The assemblage data (composition and relative abundance of taxa) were used to assign a position in ordination space to each sample. Samples with similar assemblages were positioned close to one another in ordination space, while samples with dissimilar assemblages were positioned further apart. NMDS ordination spaces of bird species (A) and parasite lineages (B) according to the habitat are represented. Symbols represent the two significant habitat grouping (circles: Atlantic rainforest; triangles: Brazilian savannah+seasonally dry forest).
Table 2.
Results of NMDS and ANOSIM for each hypothesis of lineage/bird species grouping proposed, with significant differences in bold.
Figure 4.
Relationship between bird richness and lineage richness.
The significance of the correlation is shown in the bottom right of the figure.
Table 3.
Summary of the GLM results including deviance and residual information data.
Figure 5.
Map of southeast Brazil depicting the sampling sites and the delimitation of the highest areas of Espinhaço range.
The names of the sampling sites are coded (ARA = Aracruz; BRA = Brasilândia; BOC = Bocaiúva; CAR = Caratinga; FEL = Felixlândia; JEQ = Jequitinhonha; MAN = Manga; NOV = Nova Lima; SAL = Salto da Divisa).