Figure 1.
Effect of the E1-A226V substitution on CHIKV transmission in Ae. aegypti (AAPT) and Ae. albopictus (ALPROV).
Ae. aegypti (light-grey) and Ae. albopictus (dark-grey) were orally infected with E1-226A and E1-226V provided at the same titer, 106.5 pfu/mL. At days 3, 5 and 7 post-infection, mosquitoes were prepared for salivation. Collected saliva was used to inoculate monolayers of Vero cells. After 3 days at 37°C, clones were identified by sequencing. The proportion of E1-226V compared to E1-226A (A) and the number of infectious particles (B) were determined. Error bars show the confidence intervals (95%) for % CHIKV E1-226V and the standard deviations for Log10 pfu/midgut.
Figure 2.
Effect of E1-A226V substitution on CHIKV infection in Ae. aegypti (AAPT) and Ae. albopictus (ALPROV).
Ae. aegypti (light-grey) and Ae. albopictus (dark-grey) were orally infected with a blood-meal containing both E1-226A and E1-226V provided at the same titer, 106.5 pfu/mL. Every day, 5 mosquitoes were sacrificed to isolate the midgut. The proportion of E1-226V compared to E1-226A (A) and the number of infectious particles (B) were determined. Error bars show the confidence intervals (95%) for % CHIKV E1-226V and the standard deviations for Log10 pfu/midgut.
Figure 3.
Effect of E1-A226V substitution on CHIKV dissemination to wings of Ae. aegypti (AAPT) and Ae. albopictus (ALPROV).
Ae. aegypti (light-grey) and Ae. albopictus (dark-grey) were orally infected with a blood-meal containing both E1-226A and E1-226V provided at the same titer, 106.5 pfu/mL. Every day, 5 mosquitoes were sacrificed to isolate the wings. The proportion of E1-226V compared to E1-226A (A) and the number of infectious particles (B) were determined. Error bars show the confidence intervals (95%) for % CHIKV E1-226V and the standard deviations for Log10 pfu/midgut.
Figure 4.
Effect of E1-A226V substitution on CHIKV dissemination to salivary glands of Ae. aegypti (AAPT) and Ae. albopictus (ALPROV). Ae. aegypti (light-grey) and Ae. albopictus (dark-grey) were orally infected with a blood-meal containing both E1-226A and E1-226V provided at the same titer, 106.5 pfu/mL.
Every day, 5 mosquitoes were sacrificed to isolate salivary glands. The proportion of E1-226V compared to E1-226A (A) and the number of infectious particles (B) were determined. Error bars show the confidence intervals (95%) for % CHIKV E1-226V and the standard deviations for Log10 pfu/midgut.
Figure 5.
Unbalanced proportions of E1-226V and E1-226A provided in blood-meals to Ae. aegypti (AAPT) and Ae. albopictus (ALPROV). Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were given an infectious blood-meal containing unbalanced proportions of two clones E1-A and E1-V isolated from the strains E1-226A and E1-226V, respectively.
Two mixes were tested: one containing 1∶9 (E1-A:E1-V) and one containing a mix of 9∶1 (E1-A:E1-V). At day 7 post-infection, dissemination (A) and transmission (B) were examined by estimating the proportion of E1-V in wings and saliva, respectively, of five individual females. Error bars show the confidence intervals (95%).
Figure 6.
Effects of intrathoracic injection compared to blood-meal ingestion on CHIKV dissemination and transmission in Ae. aegypti (AAPT) and Ae. albopictus (ALPROV).
Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were orally infected or inoculated with E1-226A and E1-226V provided at the same titer, 106.5 pfu/mL. At day 7 post-infection, dissemination (A) and transmission (B) were examined by estimating the proportion of E1-226V in wings and saliva. Error bars show the confidence intervals (95%).