Figure 1.
Distribution of the NSAF ratio of each SBP between soluble and insoluble fraction (grey bars; ψNSAFinsol/NSAFsol).
White bars (soluble: left corner) and black bars (insoluble: right corner) indicate the number of SBP observed solely in soluble and insoluble fraction, respectively.
Table 1.
Distribution of B. infantis proteins in cell wall or cytosolic fractions.
Figure 2.
Central metabolic pathways reconstructed from proteomic datasets.
Sugar substrates are presented inside the red boxes. Pathways regulated or induced by the presence of a specific sugar are indicated by colored background and their expressions on different sugars are presented next to the pathway as bar graphs: (a) Leloir pathway, (b) HexNAc catabolic pathway, (c) pyruvate fermentation pathway, (d) FOS/Inulin glycosyl hydrolase. The relative amounts of enzymes involved in the bifid shunt are presented in Figure S3. Numbers in the parenthesis next to the enzyme are the locus tag of each protein expressed.
Figure 3.
The expression of Family 1 extracellular SBPs on different carbon sources.
The quantitative expression of each SBP is described by NSAF value. Black and gray bars indicate the NSAF values obtained in insoluble and soluble fraction, respectively. Box indicates the SBPs in the HMO cluster.
Figure 4.
The expression of proteins in HMO cluster in B. infantis during growth on different prebiotics.
(a) Graphical display of genes in HMO cluster. Proteins involved in the HMO translocation and degradation are noted with the locus tag under the gene. Sets of genes inside the red box are the transport systems that comprise a Family 1 extracellular SBP and two inner-membrane components. Bars represent the relative amounts of each protein in different carbon sources. Black and gray bars indicate the NSAF values in the soluble and insoluble fraction, respectively. (b)∼(e) are the glycosyl hydrolases for HMO degradation. (f)∼(k) are the Family 1 SBPs and (l)∼(n) are the proteins whose the amount was high but the role in HMO metabolism is not well known.
Figure 5.
The expression of glycosyl hydrolases and glycosyltransferases in B. infantis during growth on different prebiotics.
The amount of protein expressed scaled by color from green to red as shown in the legend. Gray indicates that the expression was not detected. Left and right panel of heat map represent the expression of protein in soluble and insoluble fraction, respectively. CWA protein was determined by the NSAF ratio between soluble and insoluble faction (NSAFinsol/NSAFsol≥2.5).
Figure 6.
Schematic diagram of the potential metabolic pathways for different prebiotic consumption in B. infantis.
The catabolic pathways for monosaccharides were detailed in Figure 2. Bold and curved arrows indicate the flow of oligosaccharide.