Figure 1.
Elemental concentrations of rice grains, hull, brown rice, bran, and polished rice.
All concentrations are expressed as mg kg−1 DW. Data points and error bars represent means and SEs of four replicates.
Figure 2.
Percentage distributions of Zn, Fe, K, Ca, and Mn in different fractions of rice grains.
Data are the means of four replicates.
Figure 3.
Typical synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) microprobe spectrum in an embryo localized scanning point of rice grain.
Figure 4.
µ-XRF elemental maps for Zn, Fe, K, Ca, and Mn in rice grains.
The green rectangle in the primary microscope image (top, center) has been rotated ca 75° counterclockwise to give the enlarged, labeled image (top right). This also is the orientation of the individual element distribution maps (lower row) and the color merged image (upper row, left). The fluorescence yield counts were normalized by I0 and the dwell time and maximum values vary for each element (scales beneath each false color map). Pixel brightness is displayed in RGB, with the brightest spots corresponding to the highest element fluorescence. The color-merged image shows the relative locations of Zn (red), K (green), and Fe (blue), as indicated by the colored triangle scale.
Figure 5.
µ-XRF elemental maps of rice grains after germination for 12 h.
The green box on the lower magnification photo of the seed (upper, left) was rotated 90° clockwise to give the labeled, higher magnification image as well as the individual µ-XRF elemental maps and the color-merged image (lower left). Refer to the legend for Figure 4 for additional details.
Figure 6.
µ-XRF elemental maps of early stage rice seedlings after seed germination for 48
h. The orientation of the individual µ-XRF elemental maps and the color-merged image (upper right) is the same as that of the green rectangle around a portion of the labeled image of the germinating seed. Refer to the legend for Figure 4 for additional details.