Figure 1.
Large Anoxycalyx joubini at Cape Armitage, McMurdo Station.
Two large A. joubini at a depth of 60 m, 1967. (A) The larger sponge on the right (A. joubini) is approximately 2 m tall. (B) A. joubini in photo is approximately 1.75 m tall.
Figure 2.
Map of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, with the sites discussed in this paper.
The blue rendering of iceberg B 15 in 2004 is in the upper right above Ross Island on the map.
Figure 3.
Anoxycalyx joubini on the gangplank at Hut Point, McMurdo Station.
(A) 1989, after anchor ice had removed 100% cover of large H. balfourensis [15], (B) the same gangplank with A. joubini in 2010.
Figure 4.
Anoxycalyx joubini growth on rack at New Harbor, Explorers Cove.
One of the racks at Explorers Cove in (A) 1988, before A. joubini settlement; (B) 2004, with 4 A. joubini; and (C) 2010, some A. joubini falling off of structure, but still alive.
Figure 5.
Estimated biomass (kg) of A. joubini on settling structures.
Biomass (estimated using regression from Dayton et al. [8]) of A. joubini settled on various artificial substrates (gangplank, floater, or rack). Differences in sponge biomass between sites and substrates may be attributable to floater and rack sponge loss.
Figure 6.
The timing of the major iceberg events in the southern Ross Sea.
The combined presence of the icebergs were strongest from mid-2002 to late 2003. Figure modified from Thrush and Cummings [22].