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Figure 1.

Flowchart of study selection.

* includes: policy commentaries, policy analysis, clinical guidelines, best practice, commentaries/news/editorials, service audit and review, reporting analysis, patient satisfaction study, HIV+ samples, healthcare professional attitudes and practices surveys.

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Table 1.

Study characteristics.

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Figure 2.

Prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among all syphilis-positive women and by subgroup (tested or treated before the third trimester or during the third trimester).

ANC, ante-natal care. All adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) included: low birth weight, stillbirth, and preterm birth for Watson-Jones 2002; low birth weight, preterm birth, intrauterine death for Carles 2008; congenital syphilis, foetal death, and neonatal death for Zhu 2010.

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Figure 3.

Odds ratios – adverse outcomes of women tested or treated during the third trimester compared to those women tested or treated before the third trimester (reference).

Ref, reference; wks, weeks; d, days.

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Figure 4.

Sub-group meta-analyses.

Ref, reference; wks, weeks; d, days. All adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) included: low birth weight, stillbirth, and preterm birth for Watson-Jones 2002; low birth weight, preterm birth, intrauterine death for Carles 2008; congenital syphilis, foetal death, and neonatal death for Zhu 2010.

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