Figure 1.
Bacterial phylum profiles of the pygmy loris microbiome.
The percentage of the pygmy loris fecal metagenomic sequences assigned to M5NR database is shown. Through the “Organism Abundance” tool in MG-RAST, the pygmy loris fecal sequencing runs were determined from the M5NR database with the BLASTx algorithm. The e-value cutoff for the metagenomic sequence matches to the M5NR database was 1×10−5, with a minimum alignment length of 30 bp.
Figure 2.
Phylogenetic clustering of pygmy loris, human, mouse, canine, cow, and chicken gastrointestinal metagenomes.
A double hierarchical dendrogram was established through weight-pair group clustering methods based on the non-scaling Manhattan distance. The dendrogram shows the phylogenetic distribution of the microorganisms among the ten metagenomes from the six different hosts, including pygmy loris (WFH), human (HSM and F1S), mouse (LMC and OMC), dog (K9C and K9BP), cow (CRP), and chicken (CCA and CCB). The linkages of the dendrogram do not show the phylogenetic relationship of the bacterial phylum and are based on the relative abundance of taxonomic profiles. The heat map depicts the relative percentage of each phylum of microorganism (variables clustering on the y axis) in each sample (x axis clustering). The heat map color represents the relative percentage of the microbial descriptions in each sample, with the legend indicated at the upper left corner. Branch length indicates the Manhattan distances of the samples along the x axis (scale at the upper right corner) and of the microbial phyla along the y axis (scale at the lower left corner).
Figure 3.
Functional composition of the pygmy loris microbiome.
The percentage of the pygmy loris fecal metagenomic sequences assigned to the general SEED subsystems is shown. Through the “Functional Abundance” tool in MG-RAST, the pygmy loris fecal sequencing runs were determined from the SEED database with the BLASTx algorithm. The e-value cutoff for the metagenomic sequence matches to the SEED subsystem database was 1×10−5 with a minimum alignment length of 30 bp.
Figure 4.
Metabolic clustering of pygmy loris, human, mouse, canine, cow, and chicken gastrointestinal metagenomes.
A double hierarchical dendrogram was established through a weight-pair group clustering method based on the non-scaling Manhattan distance. The dendrogram shows the distribution of the functional categories among the ten metagenomes from the six different hosts, including pygmy loris (WFH), humans (HSM and F1S), murine (LMC and OMC), canine (K9C and K9BP), cow (CRP), and chicken (CCA and CCB). The linkages of the dendrogram are based on the relative abundance of metabolic profiles. The heat map depicts the relative percentage of each category of function (variables clustering on the y axis) in each sample (x axis clustering). The heat map color represents the relative percentage of functional categories in each sample, with the legend indicated at the upper left corner. Branch length indicates the Manhattan distances of the samples along the x axis (scale at the upper right corner) and of the microbial classes along the y axis (scale at the lower left corner).
Figure 5.
Percentage of sequences associated with the metabolism of aromatic compounds in the pygmy loris microbiome.
Through the “Metabolic Analysis” tool in MG-RAST, the pygmy loris fecal sequencing runs were determined from the SEED database with the BLASTx algorithm. The e-value cutoff for the metagenomic sequence matches to the SEED subsystem database was 1×10−5 with a minimum alignment length of 30 bp.
Figure 6.
Reference pathway of benzoate degradation.
a. Benzoate degradation by the hydroxylation reference pathway. b. Benzoate degradation by the CoA ligation reference pathway. The boxes colored red represent the enzymes identified from the pygmy loris fecal metagenomes based on KEGG.