Figure 1.
The spectral sensitivity of the dark-adapted eye of alate M. persicae (an aphid species), the spectral sensitivity of Narathura bazalus (a lepidoptera species) and the scotopic spectral sensitivity of humans are considered here.
Figure 2.
The lamps are the main component of artificial lighting systems designed for public purposes.
For this reason these are considered as sky glow sources. The data for the graphs was obtained from The US Dept. of Commerce/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC website. [39], [40], [41].
Table 1.
Characteristics and relative emissions of the five light sources.
Figure 3.
The is the aerosol optical thickness at the reference wavelength 500 nm.
One of the most interesting features of this figure is the possibility to extract the portions of sky glow levels in VIS spectral band. The aim is to evaluate the radiative fluxes based on the luminous fluxes that humans can feel as sky glow. The evaluated ratios are measured in lx.W−1.m2.
Figure 4.
Total amount of precipitable water is 0.3 atmospheric centimeters.
The curve styles coincide with those that have been used in Fig. 3. The results were obtained under assumption of constant luminous emission to the upper hemisphere; the computed flux densities are normalized to the visual sensitivity of the organisms selected for the present study.
Figure 5.
The water content is the same as in Fig. 4.
To identify the curves see the legend in Fig. 3. The results were obtained under the same assumptions as in Fig. 4.
Figure 6.
Total amount of precipitable water is 0.3 atmospheric centimeters.
The curve styles are the same as in Fig. 3. The results were obtained under assumption of constant number of light sources and the computed flux densities are normalized to the visual sensitivity of the organisms selected for the present study.
Figure 7.
Total amount of precipitable water is 0.3 atmospheric centimeters.
The legend to the plots is the same as in Fig. 3. The results were obtained under the same assumption as in Fig. 6.
Figure 8.
Total amount of precipitable water is 0.3 atmospheric centimeters.
Two models are used to characterize clear sky conditions: no aerosol contamination (light-gray curves) and aerosol contamination characterized by optical thickness = 0.5 at
= 500 nm (dark-gray curves). Consequently, the spectral features of sky glow under overcast sky conditions with total atmospheric optical thickness
= 7.0 are correspondingly determined (black curves).
Figure 9.
The legend to this figure is the same as in Fig. 8.
Figure 10.
The legend to this figure is the same as in Fig. 8.
Figure 11.
A comparison contrasting the relative spectra of the lamps and the spectral vision of the three species is shown in this figure.
The main objective is to see clearly the differences between the lamp emissions and to relate them to what the species can feel.