Table 1.
Demographic characteristics.
Table 2.
Clinical data.
Figure 1.
The CSF and serum CysC levels in AD, DLB, AF-GP and normal control subjects.
(A) The levels of CSF CysC were significantly lower in patients with AD, DLB and AF-GP compared to normal controls. (B) The levels of serum CysC were significantly lower in patients with AF-GP compared to normal controls. (C) The CSF/serum CysC ratios were significantly lower in patients with AD and DLB compared to normal controls. Statistically significant difference was calculated using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. Data are means ± SD. Abbreviations: CysC, cystatin C; AD, Alzheimer's disease; DLB, dementia with Lewy body; AF-GP, the atrophic form of general paresis; NC, normal control. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001).
Figure 2.
The CSF Αβ40 and Αβ42 levels in AD, DLB, AF-GP and normal control subjects.
(A) The levels of CSFΑβ40 were significantly lower in patients with AD and DLB compared to normal controls. There was a trend towards decreased CSF Αβ40 levels in patients with AF-GP compared to normal controls (p = 0.075). (B) The levels of CSF Αβ42 were significantly lower in patients with AD, DLB and AF-GP compared to normal controls. Statistically significant difference was calculated using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. Data are means ± SD. Abbreviations: Αβ, amyloid-β protein; AD, Alzheimer's disease; DLB, dementia with Lewy body; AF-GP, the atrophic form of general paresis; NC, normal control. (**p<0.01, ***p<0.001).
Figure 3.
Scatter plots of the correlations between CSF CysC and CSF Αβ40 and Αβ42 levels.
(A) (C) (D) The CSF CysC levels were positively correlated with CSF Αβ40 levels in AD (r = 0.312, p = 0.026), AF-GP (r = 0.441, p = 0.003) and normal control (r = 0.388, p = 0.034) subjects. (E) (G) (H) The CSF CysC levels were positively correlated with CSF Αβ42 levels in AD (r = 0.306, p = 0.029), AF-GP (r = 0.657, p<0.001) and normal control (r = 0.507, p = 0.004) subjects. (B) (F) No significant correlations were found between CSF CysC and CSF Αβ40 or Αβ42 in patients with DLB (r = 0.021, p = 0.919, and r = 0.037, p = 0.859, respectively). The correlations of the measured values were examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Abbreviations: CysC, cystatin C; Αβ, amyloid-β protein; AD, Alzheimer's disease; DLB, dementia with Lewy body; AF-GP, the atrophic form of general paresis; NC, normal control.
Table 3.
Correlations between CSF CysC and CSF Αβ40 and Αβ42 levels.
Figure 4.
The serum and CSF CysC levels of dementia patients divided by CDR scores.
No significant differences in serum or CSF CysC levels were observed in patients with AD (A and D), DLB (B and E) and AF-GP (C and F). Statistically significant difference was calculated using one-way ANOVA. Data are means ± SD. Abbreviations: CysC, cystatin C; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale; AD, Alzheimer's disease; DLB, dementia with Lewy body; AF-GP, the atrophic form of general paresis.