Figure 1.
Efficacy-Desire Model of quit intentions showing relations between components of the model as they relate to the reward and control systems of addiction models.
Dq and Ds are the desire to quit and smoke, respectively; Eq and Es are efficacies for quitting and smoking respectively. Respective interactions between efficacy and desire lead to Mq and Ms, which directly affect the intention to try quitting (Iq). Dashed paths indicate inverse relations; curved paths are correlations rather than effects.
Figure 2.
Relations between intention to quit smoking (Iq) and quit efficacy (Eq) by three levels of warning intensity (α) scaled from 0, .5. to 1.0.
Panel A shows the relation using eq. (5) with Es fixed at.5 and β at 3.0. Panel B shows the observed relation using scores predicted by regression model in Table 4 (step 1).
Figure 3.
Examples of warning labels with (A) text on side of pack, (B) picture and text on front of pack, and (C) picture, text and elaboration on front of pack.
Reprinted from www.fda.gov under a CC BY license, with permission from the FDA, copyright 02/24/2012.
Table 1.
Response distributions of major variables in the study (N = 3297).
Figure 4.
Predicted relations between three measures and efficacy to quit based on regression models in Tables 2 and 3: (A) desire to quit; (B) probability of smoking frequency; and (C) probability of trying to quit in past 12 months.
Table 2.
Parameters of linear regression models for desire to quit smoking, aversion to smoking, and quit efficacy with warning and efficacy as predictors.
Table 3.
Parameters of logistic regression models for relation between efficacy and frequency of smoking and prior attempts to quit.
Table 4.
Regression parameters in test of Efficacy-Desire Model.
Figure 5.
Predicted relation based on regression model in Table 4 (step 2) between intention and efficacy to quit with frequency of smoking as the parameter.