Table 1.
Primer sequences of mouse mRNA.
Figure 1.
L. gasseri BNR17 supplementation decreases high-sucrose diet-induced body weight gain and fat mass accumulation.
(A) Change in body weight, (B) change in food intake, (C) representative CT scanning images of abdominal (left) and whole body (right) fat accumulation (in black) at 10 weeks (D) correspond to the volume of subcutaneous and abdominal fat, (E) representative adipose tissue-staining images in mice of four groups, (F) adipocyte mean area (µm2). Data represent the means ± SD. Pairwise t-test: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 versus the ND group; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 versus the HSD group.
Table 2.
Body weight, fat weight and organs weight of mice fed the experimental diets for 10 weeks.
Figure 2.
L. gasseri BNR17 affects mRNA expression in the liver.
C57BL/6J mice were given ND, HSD, or HSD containing BNR17 (109 or 1010 CFU) for 10 weeks. The liver was then removed and mRNA expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR using β-actin as a housekeeping gene. Data represent the means ± SD. Pairwise t-test: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, versus the ND group; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 versus the HSD group.
Figure 3.
L. gasseri BNR17 affects mRNA expression in white adipose tissue.
C57BL/6J mice were given ND, HSD, or HSD containing BNR17 (109 or 1010 CFU) for 10 weeks. The white adipose tissue was then removed and mRNA expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR using β-actin as a housekeeping gene. Data represent the means ± SD. Pairwise t-test: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus the ND group; #P<0.05 versus the HSD group.
Figure 4.
L. gasseri BNR17 affects endocrine hormones.
C57BL/6J mice were given ND, HSD, or HSD containing BNR17 (109 or 1010 CFU) for 10 weeks. Serum was obtained by centrifugation of whole blood and analyzed. GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP, glucagon-like peptide. Data represent the means ± SD. Wilcoxon rank-sum test: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 versus the ND group; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 versus the HSD group.