Table 1.
Score phenotype of the PTZ seizure model in adult zebrafish.
Figure 1.
Experimental protocol schematic representation.
The methodological approach used to evaluate the epileptic seizure-like behavior (experimental conditions, exposure periods, washout period, and survival evaluation after behavioral tests).
Figure 2.
Behavioral profile of PTZ-induced seizures in adult zebrafish.
The main characteristic seizure behavior induced by 5–15 mM PTZ and DZP/10 mM PTZ treatments during 20 min (n = 12). (A) Seizure score (only the highest score reached was consider in each interval) and cumulative frequency (B). Data are represented as median ± interquartile range and as the animal index (%) that reached the scores across time, respectively. (C) Seizure intensity during distinct moment tests (0–150, 150–300, and 300–1200 s) evaluated by the area under curve observed for each treatment. (D) Latency to score 4 onset. Data from seizure intensity and latency are represented as mean ± S.E.M and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test as post-hoc. Distinct letters indicate statistical differences among PTZ-treated groups (gray bars). The DZP/10 mM PTZ is represented as black bars and compared to 10 mM PTZ group by the Student’s t test. *indicates significant difference between groups.
Figure 3.
Latency to score 0 during the washout period.
Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test as post-hoc. Distinct letters indicate statistical differences among PTZ-treated groups (gray bars). The DZP/10 mM PTZ is represented as black bars and compared to 10 mM PTZ group by Student’s t test with no statistical difference.
Figure 4.
Quantification of the PTZ levels in the brain.
The concentration of PTZ in the brain was determined as μg PTZ/mL sample at 5 mM (gray bars) with values of 1.885, 3.175, 1.612, and 10 mM (blue bars) with values of 3.222, 7.905, and 2.870, after 2.5 and 20-min of PTZ exposure, and after 60-min washout. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M and analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test as post-hoc. Distinct letters indicate statistical difference within the same group at different periods, (lower case letter for 5 mM and capital letters for 10 mM) whereas the asterisks (*) indicates significant difference between both PTZ groups for each time.
Figure 5.
Kaplan–Meier plot representing the animal index (%) that survived in 3 distinct periods: I – PTZ exposure; II – Washout period; III – survival evaluation in each 24 h after behavioral experiment procedures. Data are analyzed using the log-rank test for trend to compare groups. *Indicate significant differences from 100% survival, whereas the symbol (#) represents statistical difference profile between 10 and 15 mM PTZ groups.