Figure 1.
Structures for the cationic amphiphiles used in this study.
Har = homoarginine; NLys = lysine peptoid; NHar = homoarginine peptoid.
Table 1.
Cationic amphiphiles in this study.
Figure 2.
Cytokine production and LDH release by human macrophage-like THP-1 cells following incubation with amphiphiles 1–21.
A) IL-8 production. TC supernatants were monitored for IL-8 production by ELISA, and results were recorded in pg/mL. B) Groα production, in pg/mL. Inset: Expanded values for amphiphiles 5–7 and 21 at 5 µM and 10 µM. C) Cytotoxicity following incubation with amphiphiles 1–21. TC supernatants were monitored for LDH release as a measure of cellular toxicity, and results shown represent percent cytotoxicity over un-stimulated cells. All studies were performed in two independent biological replicates with two technical replicate each, with the data here presented as the mean plus standard error of the mean (sem) and with LL-37 data included as a positive control.
Figure 3.
Human macrophage-like THP-1 cells were exposed to amphiphiles 4–11 and 14–21, for twenty-four hours. TC supernatants were monitored for IL-1β by ELISA, with results shown in pg/mL. Studies were performed in two independent biological replicates with two technical replicate each, with the data here presented as the mean plus sem. Inset: Expanded results for the negative control and amphiphiles 4–7 at 5 µM and 10 µM.