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Figure 1.

The location of our study area in the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve, Shanghai.

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Figure 2.

The distribution of P. australis and S. alterniflora in the research area along the environmental gradient.

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Table 1.

Population characteristics in the study area (n = 50 plots) (mean±SE).

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Table 2.

Physical characteristics in the different tidal zones (n = 30 plots) (mean±SE).

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Table 3.

The relative growth rate per day (RGR) and the number of newly produced tillers per day (TNT) responses of S. alterniflora and P. australis to neighbor removal in different tidal zones (mean±SE).

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Figure 3.

The relative neighbor effect (RNE) of P. australis and S. alterniflora in different tidal zones.

The performance of target plants was measured by the relative growth rate per day (RGR). Different letters indicate significant differences.

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Figure 4.

The relative neighbor effect (RNE) of P. australis and S. alterniflora in different tidal zones.

The performance of target plants was measured by the number of newly produced tillers per day (TNT). Different letters indicate significant differences.

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Figure 5.

The interaction strength (I) of P. australis and S. alterniflora along the tidal gradient.

The performance of targets was measured by the relative growth rate per day (RGR).

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Figure 5 Expand

Table 4.

Correlation of soil characteristics and the interaction strength (I)of S. alterniflora and P. australis.

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Figure 6.

The interaction strength (I) of P. australis and S. alterniflora along the tidal gradient.

The performance of targets was measured by the number of newly produced tillers per day (TNT).

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Figure 6 Expand

Figure 7.

The physiological characteristics of P. australis and S. alterniflora along different tidal gradient.

Physiological characteristics measured included non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and N:P in different organs (leaves, stem, and roots) of the two species.

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