Table 1.
The distribution of opportunities for three types of observers to assess hand hygiene program during a one-year study conducted during 2010 and 2011 by the Center of Excellence for Hand Hygiene (HH) at the National Taiwan University Hospital.
Figure 1.
Hand hygiene compliance rates by type of observers and quarter.
The compliance rates observed by medical students (MS) were significantly lower than those by infection control nurses (ICNs) and unit HH ambassadors (UAs) in each quarter (all the P value <0.001). The numbers in parenthesis represented hand hygiene opportunities observed. T-bar represented one standard deviation.
Figure 2.
Hand hygiene compliance rates according to professional category of the healthcare workers and type of observers.
Compliance observed by medical students (MS) was significantly lower as than by infection control nurses (ICNs) and unit HH ambassadors (UAs) (all P<0.001). The numbers in parenthesis are the hand hygiene opportunities. T-bar represents one standard deviation.
Figure 3.
Hand hygiene compliance rate by type of observers (A. medical student (MS), B. Infection control nurses, C. unit HH ambassadors (UAs)), professional category, department, indication of hand hygiene, and period.
Table 2.
Comparison of the characteristics of three types of observers and the pros and cons their ability to assess the efficacy of the hand hygiene program during a one-year study conducted during 2010 and 2011 by the Center of Excellence for Hand Hygiene at the National Taiwan University Hospital.