Figure 1.
Location of Poland in Europe, study area (27 caves) in the southern part of the country, and the sites (in grey) where hybrids have been detected.
The numbers of genotyped bats (M. mystacinus, M. brandtii and M. alcathoe, respectively) are given in parentheses, whereas the numbers of hybrids (as derived from STRUCTURE, with the 0.90 threshold) are presented after the dash. Sites are as follows: SB — Beskid Śląski Mountains (1 cave); BA — Babia Góra Mountain (1); TA — Tatra Mountains, caves at alpine zone (2); TR — Tatra Mountains, caves at forest zone (4); PI — Pieniny Mountains (1); GO — Gorce Mountains (1); BW — Beskid Wyspowy Mountains (2); BS — Beskid Sądecki Mountains (2); PC — Ciężkowickie Foothills (2); BN — Beskid Niski Mountains (2); BI — Bieszczady Mountains (1); PS — Silesian Foothill, Silesian Lowland and Żywiecka Valley (4); WK — Krakowska Upland (2); WW — Wieluńska Upland (1); DS — Sudety Mountains (1).
Table 1.
The list of morphological criteria used to discriminate among the three species of bats belonging to the M. mystacinus group [61], [62].
Table 2.
Results of STRUCTURE and NEWHYBRIDS (2nd and 3rd criterion) analyses with simulated samples of n = 400.
Figure 2.
A two-dimensional plot of the principal coordinate analysis (PCA) performed using GENEALEX based on 14 microsatellite loci for M. mystacinus, M. brandtii and M. alcathoe (the percentage of variance for a given PC shown in parentheses).
ID codes for particular species are based on mtDNA determination (in 5 males and 1 female of M. brandtii, 2 males of M. mystacinus, and 1 female of M. alcathoe – with an unsuccessful genetic sequencing – only morphological criteria were used; all of them are placed inside their parental groups). The arrow indicates individual no. BW_M01511 (see the results).
Figure 3.
Posterior probability (q) for all individuals identified as putative hybrids by at least one of the method-threshold (Tq) combinations.
Each individual is represented by a vertical bar partitioned into coloured segments. The length of each segment corresponds to (A) the membership proportions of each parental species estimated by STRUCTURE (Tq≥0.90) and (B) the probability of belonging to the parental species and the three hybrid classes (F1, F2, and first backcross with each of the parental (P0, P1, and P2) species) estimated by NEWHYBRIDS, criterion 3 (with the 0.90 threshold). Species are assigned according to their mtDNA ID. Individuals are identified by the swarming site code (see Figure 1), followed by sex (M — male, F — female), age (A — adult, J — juvenile, 0 — indetermined), and ID number.
Table 3.
Allele frequency differential (δ) between species pairs and the mean value for each locus arranged in decreasing order of mean δ.