Table 1.
Primers and probes used for the detection and identification of Plasmodium species.
Figure 1.
Detection of minor populations by real-time PCR in unbalanced artificial plasmids mixtures.
Simultaneous detection of Plasmodium species DNA in a mixture of 18S specific plasmid constructs. A mixture of the three Plasmodium 18S rDNA targets was made with 105 Pf +102 Pm+102 Po.
Table 2.
Specific detection of Plasmodium DNA by real-time PCR in the artificial target mixtures.
Table 3.
Comparison of real-time PCR and ELISA-CSP for Plasmodium spp detection in a blind panel of mosquito samples.
Figure 2.
Prevalence of co-infection of Plasmodium spp in mosquitoes (An. gambiae and An. funestus) by Real-time PCR.
The figure (A) shows results of speciation analysis of 43 positive samples of An. gambiae ss by qPCR. Of the 43 positive samples, 35 were infected by P. falciparum only (81%), 7 samples showed mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. malariae (16%), and a mixed infection with P. falciparum and P.ovale was observed in 1 sample (2%). The figure (B) shows results of analysis of 22 positive samples of An. gambiae ss by qPCR. Among the 22 positive samples, mono infection with P. falciparum was found in 19 samples (86%), 1 sample showed mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. malariae (4.5%), mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. ovale was observed in 1 sample (4.5%), and in 1 sample mixed infection with 3 species (P. falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale) was noted (4. 5%).
Figure 3.
Absolute and relative quantification of Plasmodium DNA in mosquitoes.
This figure shows a not significant difference was observed in the P. falciparum densities between the two Anopheles species (P-value = 0, 2197).