Figure 1.
Threshold cycle values (Ct) of four housekeeping genes (18s rRNA, GAPDH, β-actin, and EF1-α) determined by qPCR from (A) testis samples of wild broodstock from different locations (Andaman sea and Gulf of Thailand) and domesticated shrimp with different growth stages (18-, 14-, 10-, and 4-month-old domesticated shrimp, DS), (B) ovary samples from wild broodstock with different ovarian maturation stages (Stages I–IV), (C) ovary samples of domesticated shrimp from different growth stages (18-, 14-, 10-, and 4-month-old domesticated shrimp, DS), and (D) ovary samples from 14-month-old domesticated broodstock before and after eyestalk ablation for 1, 4 and 7 days.
Different letters above the bars signify statistical differences.
Table 1.
Testis and ovary samples from P. monodon used in this study.
Figure 2.
Average expression stability values (M), which is the mean pair-wise variation between an individual gene and all other tested genes, determined by geNorm software.
(A) Average M value of 46 testis samples in P. monodon (TT), (B) Average M value of ovary samples from wild broodstock with different ovarian maturation stages (OV-WB), (C) Average M value of ovary samples from domesticated shrimp with different growth stages (OV-DS) and (D) Average M value of ovary samples from domesticated broodstock before and after eyestalk-ablation (OV-EA) in P. monodon.
Table 2.
Stability values and ranking order (in parentheses) of the candidate reference genes measured by the NormFinder software.
Figure 3.
Relative expression levels in term of fold change (ΔΔCt) of a known testis-relevant marker, Dmc1, to those of housekeeping genes in 5 testis sample groups; wild broodstock from Andaman sea (black), wild broodstock from Gulf of Thailand (diagonal lines), 18-month-old domesticated shrimp (DS) (gray), 14-month-old DS (horizontal lines), and 10-month-old DS (diamond), were compared with four housekeeping genes (18s rRNA, GAPDH, β-actin, and EF1-α) in 4-month-old domesticated shrimp.
Different letters above the bars of each graph signify statistical differences in gene expression levels within the sample group.
Figure 4.
Relative expression levels in term of fold change (ΔΔCt) of a known ovary-relevant marker, Vitellogenin (Vg), to those of the housekeeping genes in three ovary sample groups:
(A) Wild broodstock (WB) from four different ovarian maturation stages compared to those of the housekeeping genes in WB stage 1, (B) Domesticated shrimp at 18-month-, 14-month-, and 10-month-old compared to those of the housekeeping genes in domesticated shrimp at 4-month-old, (C) Domesticated broodstock after the ablation for 1 (D1), 4 (D4), and 7 (D7) days compared to those of the housekeeping genes in before the ablation (D0). Different letters above the bars of each graph signify statistical differences in gene expression levels within the sample group.
Table 3.
Primer pairs for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).