Table 1.
Mean (SD) of valence (V) and arousal (A) ratings for the five different stimuli categories as provided by Lang et al. [45].
Figure 1.
Schematic overview of the delayed-match-to-sample-task (a) and the two long-term memory tasks (b and c).
Panel (a) shows a schematic representation of one trial of the delayed-match-to-sample task (with high-arousal stimuli). (b) One example of a trial of the single item LTM task. In the actual experiment, the confidence scale consisted of the scale, the numbers and a short explanation underneath each number (e.g. “definitely not seen” beneath “1″; “definitely seen” beneath “6” etc.). (c) One trial of the subsequent LTM Binding task. In the actual experiment, the confidence scale consisted of the scale, the numbers and a short explanation underneath each number (e.g. “definitely seen with the left picture” beneath “1″; “definitely seen with the right picture” beneath “6” etc.).
Figure 2.
Bar graphs of the results of the delayed-match-to sample (WM) task.
(a) Hit – False Alarm Rates for pairs consisting of one neutral and either another neutral or a low- or high arousal picture. (b) Corrected Recognition when considering Valence levels. Particularly pairs containing a low-arousal positive picture were more likely to be correctly remembered. Error bars represent the standard error of mean.
Table 2.
Hit (HR), false alarm rates (FAR), the sensitivity measure A’, and Proportion Correct (PR) as a function of task and condition.
Figure 3.
Bar graphs of the results of the single-item LTM task.
(a) ‘Hit – False Alarm Rates’ for neutral, low-arousal and high-arousal items in the single item LTM task. No significant differences were found. (b) Corrected Recognition when considering Valence levels. No statistically reliable differences were found.
Figure 4.
Bar graphs of the results of the associative LTM task.
(a) Proportion Correct for pairs consisting of one neutral picture and another neutral or a low- or high arousal picture. Pairs consisting of high-arousal picture were less likely to be remembered in the LTM task. (b) Proportion Correct when considering Valence levels. Particularly pairs containing high-arousal positive picture were less likely to be remembered. Error bars represent the standard error of mean.