Table 1.
Classical taxonomic organisation within the order Zoantharia.
Figure 1.
Gold coral and related zoanthids from Hawaii.
A) Kulamanamana haumeaae gen. n. sp. n. in situ, B) Zibrowius ammophilus gen. n. sp. n. in situ, C) Hurlizoanthus parrishi gen. n. sp. n. in situ, D) axis of Ku. haumeaae with the calcified skeleton of host bamboo coral visible in the center, E) Kauluzoanthus kerbyi gen. n. sp. n. fixed sample, polyps of Ku. haumeaae can be seen on the right coloured in pink after reacting with formaldehyde, F) Bullagummizoanthus emilyacadiaarum gen. n. sp. n. fixed sample.
Table 2.
Distribution, type, relative abundances and size ranges of cnidae in the new zoanthids species described here.
Figure 2.
Genetic signatures of Savalia and related zoanthid genera.
This figure shows the V5 region sensu Sinniger et al. [21] with characteristic insertion/deletion pattern specific to each genus. This region is located in the second half of the mt16S rDNA gene. Sequences are represented from 5′ to 3′ and the sequences used are AY995925, EU035623, KC218431, KC218438, KC218434, KC218433, KC218435.
Figure 3.
Cnidae of the different species.
Cnidae in the different tissues of the zoanthids described here. Letters correspond to the cnidae listed in table 2.
Figure 4.
Phylogenetic tree of the Hawaiian gold coral (Ku. haumeaae) and related zoanthids.
Bayesian tree based on concatenated 18S, COI and 16S genes. Values at the nodes represent posterior probabilities and bootstrap values respectively. “S” indicate the ability to secrete a skeleton. Values below posterior probabilities of 0.5 or 50% bootstrap were considered as unresolved. Hawaiian zoanthids described here are indicated in bold. Epizoanthidae are used as outgroup. Vertical bars indicate the species belonging to Epizoanthidae and Parazoanthidae respectively.