Figure 1.
Finite Element Model of the human torso with tissue compartments and impact scenario settings.
a. soft tissue. b. bone. c. liver. d. thoracic and abdominal organ combinations. e. the whole torso model. f. frontal impact scenario. g. lateral impact scenario. h. rear impact scenario.
Table 1.
Material properties used in the FE model.
Figure 2.
Time history of the maximum displacement of liver with a concentrated load of 2 N applied.
Table 2.
Summary of simulation results.
Figure 3.
The time course of the maximum principle strain distribution in the liver.
The abdomen was under frontal impact with a velocity of 6 m/s.
Figure 4.
The overall kinematics of the FE human torso model during the lateral impact scenario.
The rib cage and soft tissues were compressed and then rebounded. The liver was impacted by the ribs and was locally compressed.
Figure 5.
The comparison between the liver rupture of the victim and the simulated results.
Results of lateral punch simulations with an impact velocity of 6 m/s were illustrated. High gradients of colour indicate region of greatest strain and location of injuries.