Figure 1.
Archaeological sites and related cultures mentioned in the article.
The map cited from http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/.
Figure 2.
Sampling locations from the Tanghu site.
The plan positions of archaeological units is after Xin et al. (2010).
Figure 3.
AMS 14C ages from the Tanghu site.
07-TH-01, 06, 08, 10, 14 collected from the profile; 07-TH-H92, H110 collected from pits H92 and H110; 07-TH-F34, F39 collected from houses F34 and F39. 14C ages made by Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, and the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology of Peking University. CalPal was used to calibrate the data [59], [60]. Dated materials are paleosoil rich in charcoal.
Figure 4.
Main phytolith types from the Tanghu site.
A–c = rice bulliform; d–g = rice double peaked; h, i = phytoliths from broomcorn millet husk; j = long saddle; k = scutiform-bulliform from reed; l = common bulliform; m = Cyperus type; n = trapeziform sinuate (tooth type); o = woody phytolith.
Figure 5.
Possible rice bulliforms with dissolved surface from the Tanghu site.
Figure 6.
Ratio of phytolith from rice and broomcorn millet in H92 from the Tanghu site.
Figure 7.
Comparison of morphological characteristics of rice bulliform in difference archaeological sites.
The data from the Majiabang, Songze, and Liangzhu Cultures obtained from Zheng et al. [34]. The standard deviations of the references are not provided in the original paper. Phytolith portrait is after Fujiwara [37].