Figure 1.
Shell shape of Nucella lapillus: position of landmarks.
A) Shell shape a) shell collected from the site relatively sheltered from wave action, b) shell collected from the site exposed to strong wave action; shell length was represented by distance between landmarks1 and 11, shell width between landmarks 4 and 6, aperture external length between landmarks 5 and 11, aperture external width between landmarks 7 and 8, aperture internal length between landmarks 13 and 18, aperture internal width between landmarks 14 and 15; B) aperture shape a) external aperture, b) internal aperture.
Figure 2.
Thickness of the shell lip after 12 months growth in the field, plotted as a function of shell size
(geometric mean of width and length). ET = exposed-site snails transplanted to the sheltered site (n = 46), EC = exposed-site snails replanted at the exposed site (n = 36), ST = sheltered-site snails transplanted to the exposed site (n = 7), SC = sheltered-site snails replanted at the sheltered site (n = 56).
Figure 3.
Common garden experiment: Shell length of F1 snails after 6 and 12 months growth.
ET = snails of exposed-site ancestry subjected to crab-effluent (6 mo, N = 13; 12 mo, N = 38), EC = control snails of exposed-site ancestry (6 mo, N = 14; 12 mo, N = 51), ST = snails of sheltered-site ancestry subjected to crab-predation odour (6 mo, N = 4; 12 mo, N = 8), SC = control snails of sheltered-site ancestry (6 mo, N = 6; 12 mo, N = 16).
Figure 4.
Common garden experiment, exposed-site snails at 12 months from the beginning of the experiment.
(A) shell mass plotted as a function of dry tissue mass. (B) tissue mass plotted as a function of shell length. F1T = F1 snails subjected to crab-effluent (n = 29), F1C = F1 control snails (n = 41), F2T = F2 snails subjected to crab-effluent (n = 23), F2C = F2 control snails (n = 25).
Table 1.
Shell and tissue mass at 12 months from the beginning of the experiment.
Figure 5.
Common garden experiment: shell-lip thickness plotted as a function of shell size
(geometric mean of length and width), (A) at 6 months from the beginning of the experiment, (B) at 12 months. EF = exposed-site controls snails (n = 36), SF = sheltered-site control snails (n = 56), other symbols and sample sizes as in Fig. 2.
Table 2.
Shell-lip thickness at 6 months.
Table 3.
Shell-lip thickness at 12 months.
Figure 6.
Common garden experiment: ordination of scores on the first and second relative warps produced by morphometric analysis.
Symbols and sample sizes as in Fig. 2. Deformation grids correspond to individuals subjectively chosen to represent the central tendency in each treatment.
Table 4.
Morphometric analysis of shape of the shell, aperture external rim and aperture internal rim.
Table 5.
Relative width of the shell, aperture external rim and aperture internal rim.