Figure 1.
Effects of neonatal overfeeding on body weight and fat mass in the immediate and long-term.
A) Pre-weaning total body weights of rats raised in control (CL) and small (SL) litters. Rats were weighed in whole litter units and weights corrected for the number of pups in the litter. n = 10 CL and 22 SL litters per group. B) Adult (postnatal day [P] 63) male and female total body weights. N = 14–28 rats per group. C) Juvenile (P21) rat body mass indices (rBMI). N = 9–13 rats per group. D) Adult (P63) rBMI. E) Juvenile left inguinal fat pad mass expressed as a ratio to total body weight. F) Adult left inguinal fat pad mass. G) Juvenile retroperitoneal fat pad mass. H) Adult retroperitoneal fat pad mass. N = 8–12 rats per group. Data are mean + SEM. * P<0.05.
Table 1.
Changes in body composition after neonatal overfeeding in juvenile and adult rats.
Figure 2.
Effects of neonatal overfeeding on plasma leptin concentrations.
A) Juvenile plasma leptin. B) Adult plasma leptin. Rats raised in control litters = CL, small litters = SL. N = 6 rats per group. Data are mean + SEM. * P<0.05.
Figure 3.
Effects of neonatal overfeeding on food intake.
A) Juvenile 12 hr food consumption. B) Adult 12 hr food consumption. C) Juvenile 12 hr food consumption corrected for body weight. D) Adult 12 hr food consumption corrected for body weight. Rats raised in control litters = CL, small litters = SL. N = 12 rats per group for juveniles and 17–20 rats per group for adults. Data are mean + SEM. * P<0.05. Shaded area = dark period, clear area = light period.
Figure 4.
Effects of neonatal overfeeding on basal brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis.
A) Male BAT temperature, dark period. B) Female BAT temperature, dark period. C) Male BAT temperature index, dark period. D) Female BAT temperature index, dark period. E) Male core temperature, dark period. F) Female core temperature, dark period. G) Densitometric analysis of BAT UCP1. H) Sample Western blot of BAT UCP1 and actin. Rats raised in control litters = CL, small litters = SL. N = 6 rats per group. Data are mean + SEM. * P<0.05.
Figure 5.
Effects of neonatal overfeeding on energy expenditure.
Scatterplots show lines of best fit for energy expenditure as a function of group and body weight for A) Juvenile males, dark phase. B) Juvenile females, dark phase. C) Juvenile males, light phase. D) Juvenile females, light phase. E) Mean juvenile 12 hr energy expenditure. F) Mean juvenile respiratory exchange ratio. G) Adult males, dark phase. H) Adult females, dark phase. I) Adult males, light phase. J) Adult females, light phase. K) Mean adult 12 hr energy expenditure. L) Mean adult respiratory exchange ratio. Rats raised in control litters = CL, small litters = SL. N = 12 rats per group for juveniles and 17–20 rats per group for adults. Data are mean + SEM. * P<0.05. Shaded area = dark period, clear area = light period.