Table 1.
Characteristics of the journals included in the study.
Table 2.
Prevalence (number and percentage) of misconduct policies and procedures for responding to misconduct allegations of journals that endorsed policies from editors’ associations, ORI or professional societies.
Table 3.
Prevalence (number and percentage) of misconduct policies and procedures for responding to misconduct allegations in journals from USA and Europe.
Table 4.
Prevalence (number and percentage) of misconduct policies and procedures for responding between journals published by Elsevier or Wiley-Blackwell.
Table 5.
Number of journals (percentage) having or not an image manipulation policy according to endorsement of definitions and guidelines of editors’ associations, ORI and professional societies.
Table 6.
Number of retractions and published articles listed in PubMed since 1970*.