Figure 1.
Map of Peru showing location of study sites.
Lima and Ayacucho Regions illustrated in white. Dark grey areas illustrate Lima metropolitan area and Districts of Vinchos (south) and Santillana (north) in Ayacucho.
Table 1.
Results of ANCOVA analyses for site differences in length z scores, including head circumference z score and age as covariates in the model.
Figure 2.
Site differences in estimated marginal means for length z scores from the ANCOVA analyses, demonstrating greater contrasts in total limb and zeugopod lengths, intermediate differences in autopod lengths, and the smallest site differences in head-trunk height.
Figure 3.
Cross-sectional estimate of percent annual growth rate of limb segments and head-trunk height by age.
Growth rates calculated from LMS model median values for 3 months either side of age stated for female participants. ‘% annual growth rate’ refers to the estimated percentage increase in raw measurements over a year based on the median measurement at the start of the 6 month period over which the rate is calculated. Male data demonstrate the same pattern (not shown). Measurements are lengths, apart from ‘head circ.’ which is head circumference.