Figure 1.
Inbreeding depression for each of 6 traits (± SE) (a: ‘Developmental time’, b: ‘Egg-to-adult viability’, c: ‘Heat knock down resistance’, d: ‘Chill coma recovery time’, e: ‘Critical thermal minimum (CTmin)’, f: ‘Desiccation resistance’).
Data are split into 4 groups: tropical females (TF), tropical males (TM), widespread females (WF) and widespread males (WM). Horisontal lines represent averages for each of the 4 groups (TF, TM, WF, WM). The species are: D. bipectinata (bipect), D. birchii (birc), D. bunnanda (bunn), D. hydei (hydei), D. melanogaster (mel), D. pseudoananassae (ps), D. repleta (rep), D. serrata (ser), D. simulans (sim) and D. sulfurigaster (sulf). See ‘Materials and methods’ for a description of each assay.
Figure 2.
Average inbreeding depression for the 10 species based on a) average inbreeding depression of the two investigated life history traits for each species (± SE) and b) average inbreeding depression of the four investigated stress resistance traits for each species (± SE).
Black bars are tropical species and grey bars are widespread species. Horizontal black lines represent averages for the tropical and widespread species. The species are: D. bipectinata (bipect), D. birchii (birc), D. bunnanda (bunn), D. hydei (hydei), D. melanogaster (mel), D. pseudoananassae (ps), D. repleta (rep), D. serrata (ser), D. simulans (sim) and D. sulfurigaster (sulf). Symbols: ‘T’ = ‘tropical’ and ‘W’ = ‘widespread’.