Figure 1.
Instructed fear (study 1): Skin conductance.
SCRs show stable threat responding across the two test runs (IF-Test1, IF-Test2). Error bars: s.e.m.
Figure 2.
Instructed fear (study 1): Rostral dmPFC/dACC activation.
(A) Contrast ‘CS+>CS−’ across both test runs (IF-Test1, IF-Test2) (model 1, see Methods). Display threshold: p<0.001 uncorrected. Activations superimposed on a canonical structural image. (B) Parameter estimates from the peak voxel, estimated separately for each test run (model 2). Error bars: s.e.m.
Figure 3.
Uninstructed fear (study 2): Behavior.
SCRs (A), CS valence (B), and UCS expectancy (C) during the two conditioning runs (UF-Cond1, UF-Cond2) and the test run (UF-Test). SCR analysis (A) was restricted to unpaired CS+s and CS−s, and responses were averaged across each run. Rating data (B, C) are normalized to the baseline rating given after habituation and before conditioning. Responses to the refresher CS at the outset of the UF-Test run (see Methods) are not shown. VAS, visual analog scale. Error bars: s.e.m.
Figure 4.
Uninstructed fear (study 2): Rostral dmPFC/dACC activation.
(A) Contrast ‘unpaired CS+>CS−’ at testing (UF-Test run). Display threshold: p<0.001 uncorrected. Activations superimposed on a canonical structural image. (B) Parameter estimates from the peak voxel during all three runs (UF-Cond1, UF-Cond2, UF-Test). Error bars: s.e.m.
Table 1.
Areas activated during Instructed and Uninstructed Fear.