Figure 1.
The location of the study area, including the North and South Islands of New Zealand (landmasses are in green), the Challenger Plateau, Hikurangi Margin, and Chatham Rise.
Red circles mark sites from which Munida gracilis were collected; blue triangles mark sites from which Hyalinoecia longibranchiata were collected. Sites are labeled with their original site names. Samples were selected within a depth band of 400–800 m with Munida gracilis between 421 m and 634 m, and Hyalinoecia longibranchiata between 478 m to 746 m. The depth of each site is listed in Table 1.
Table 1.
Sites and collected samples included in this study.
Table 2.
Intra-population mtCOI diversity statistics for the squat lobster, Munida gracilis.
Table 3.
Intra-population 16S diversity statistics for the quill worm, Hyalinoecia longibranchiata.
Table 4.
Intra-population mtCOI diversity statistics for the quill worm, Hyalinoecia longibranchiata.
Figure 2.
Distribution of COI haplotypes across the study area for Munida gracilis.
The map shows the location of the study sites with pie charts indicating the haplotype composition of the population from that site. Each color represents a haplotype with Red, Blue, and Yellow representing the three shared haplotypes that are found across the study area. Shades of grey and other muted colors represent unique haplotypes. Sample size for each site is indicated.
Figure 3.
Distribution of COI haplotypes across the study area for Hyalinoecia longibranchiata.
The location of the study sites with pie charts indicate the haplotype composition of the population from that site. Each color represents a shared haplotype. White, black, and shades of grey represent unique haplotypes. Sample sizes for each site are indicated.
Figure 4.
Distribution of 16S haplotypes across the study area for Hyalinoecia longibranchiata.
The map shows the location of the study sites with pie charts indicating the haplotype composition of the populations from that site. Each color represents a shared haplotype. White, black, and shades of grey represent unique haplotypes. Sample size for each site is indicated.
Figure 5.
TCS haplotype network for Munida gracilis, COI sequences.
Each circle represents an observed haplotype and the circles are proportional to the number of individuals sampled with that haplotype. Each color indicates a sampling site and when a haplotype was present at multiple sites, a pie chart indicates the proportions with absolute numbers appearing in text in the pie chart. Each line connecting colored circles represents a single nucleotide sequence change. Lines with small black circles indicate interior haplotypes not found in the dataset (multiple nucleotide changes between sampled haplotypes).
Figure 6.
TCS haplotype networks for Hyalinoecia longibranchiata.
Part (A) shows results for COI sequences and part (B) shows results for 16S sequences. Each circle represents an observed haplotype and the circles are proportional to the number of individuals sampled with that haplotype. Each color indicates a sampling site and when a haplotype was present at multiple sites, a pie chart indicates the proportions with absolute numbers appearing in text in the pie chart. Each line connecting colored circles represents a single nucleotide sequence change. Lines with small black circles indicate interior haplotypes not found in the dataset (multiple nucleotide changes between sampled haplotypes).
Table 5.
Pairwise Fst values between populations of the squat lobster, Munida gracilis, using a fragment of the COI gene.
Table 6.
Pairwise Fst Values between populations of the quill worm, Hyalinoecia longibranchiata, using a fragment of the 16S gene.
Table 7.
Pairiwse Fst values between populations of the quill worm, Hyalinoecia longibranchiata, using a fragment of the COI gene.
Table 8.
16S AMOVA results for Hyalinoecia longibranchiata.
Table 9.
COI AMOVA results for Hyalinoecia longibranchiata.
Figure 7.
Map of the study area showing genetically distinct populations (colored circles) of the worm H. longibranchiata relative to the position of Benthic Protection Areas (blue) and seamount closures (light blue), and local currents.
Populations on the Challenger Plateau, Hikurangi Margin and Chatham Rise are green, orange, and red, respectively, with different shades of the latter two colors representing within region differences in genetic population structure. Blue rectangles represent Benthic Protection Areas and Seamount Closures (in light blue). The star marks two Seamount Closures too small to be visible on the map. The approximate position of the Southland Front (SF), the Sub-Tropical Front (STF), the Hikurangi Eddy (HE), and Wairarapa Eddy (WE) are shown with grey bands and arrows. The location of the STF is based on Figure 1 of Hayward et al. (2008) [76].