Figure 1.
Sampling locations of Centroscymnus crepidater.
Haplotype frequencies and clade proportions (Clade I, in black and Clade II, in orange) based on the CR mtDNA data set are also depicted. The size of each slice is proportional to the number of individuals sharing the same haplotype. The letters A and B refer to the Atlantic and Pacific sampling locations, respectively. Sampling location codes: ROS (Rosemary Bank); ANT (Anton Dohrn Seamount); ROC (Rockall Trough); MAR (Mid-Atlantic Ridge); AZO (Azores); MAD (Madeira); GMB (Great Meteor Bank); TAS (Tasman Sea), and CHA (Chatham Rise).
Figure 2.
Median-joining network of 45 mitochondrial control region haplotypes of Centroscymnus crepidater.
The area of each circle is proportional to the number of individuals sharing a particular haplotype. Colors refer to sample location, and the size of each slice is proportional to the number of individuals with that haplotype. Haplotypes are connected by branch lengths approximately equal to the inferred mutational steps. Numbers represent mutational steps.
Figure 3.
Measures of genetic differentiation between geographic locations.
(A) Location pairwise D values for the mitochondrial (below diagonal) and microsatellite (above diagonal) data sets. (B) Location pairwise Φst for the mitochondrial (below diagonal) and Fst for the microsatellite (above diagonal). The scale on the top of each figure indicates the correspondence between class intervals and colored boxes. Significant values after correction are depicted in orange.
Table 1.
Genetic diversity for all Centroscymnus crepidater sampled locations.
Table 2.
Centroscymnus crepidater.
Figure 4.
Pairwise mismatch distributions using the CR mtDNA data set.
(A) mismatch distribution including all sequences; (B) mismatch distribution including sequences from Clade I only. Vertical bars represent observed frequencies. Upper and lower dashed lines represent the upper and lower 95% limits based on 10000 replicates in Arlequin. Solid line represents the model (expected) frequency.
Table 3.
Summary statistics for seven microsatellite loci of Atlantic and Pacific samples of Centroscymnus crepidater: number of allele counts (NC), mean number of alleles across locations (NA), mean allelic richness standardized to sample size N = 6, excluding Great Meteor Bank sample (AR), effective number of alleles (ENA), observed heterozygosity (HO), heterozygosity within populations (HS), corrected total heterozigosity (H’T), and fixation index (Gis).
Figure 5.
Discriminant analysis of principle components (DAPC) of multi-locus genotype data for all populations.
Individual genotypes appear as circles, and black stroke circles represent the center of dispersion of each group. Populations are depicted in colors. X and Y axes are the first two principle components.
Figure 6.
Bayesian dating analysis based on the CR mtDNA data set obtained with Multidivtime.
Age estimates (in million years) of the main lineage splitting events within Centroscymnus crepidater are depicted. Values in square brackets represent the 95% confidence intervals. Sample codes: ROC (Rockall Trough); MAR (Mid-Atlantic Ridge); AZO (Azores); MAD (Madeira); TAS (Tasman Sea), and CHA (Chatham Rise).