Table 1.
The balanced placebo design.
Figure 1.
Time schedule of the single session of the study in an individual participant.
Table 2.
Baseline data prior to interventions in experimental groups.
Table 3.
During and post rotations data between groups.
Figure 2.
Number of head movements in male and female participants (HM; means +/− SD).
Male (Panel A) and female (Panel B) participants received either ginger or placebo in a double-blinded design and (immediately prior to rotation) were informed to have received ginger or placebo in a balanced placebo-design, i.e. half of the participants of each group were correctly informed while the other half received false information. When the four groups were compared by effects of drug and information on symptom rating (SR), rotation tolerance (RT), and head movements (HM), MANOVA results were only significant when sex of participants and the experimenters were added as between factors to the analysis (F = 4.307, p = .009).
Figure 3.
Electrogastrogram (EGG) in participants that received ginger or placebo.
EGG was evaluated as the ratio between normal activity (2.5 to 3.75 cycles per minute, cpm) and activity in the tachygastria band (4 to 9.75 cpm), and with increasing nausea the ratio usually falls below 1. Data segments were recorded at baseline, twice after drug application, and after rotation. The constant fall of the ratio from baseline to post rotation is interrupted in the ginger group but ginger was not able to prevent nausea to occur with rotation.
Figure 4.
Electrogastrogram (EGG) in male and female participants that received ginger or placebo.
EGG was evaluated as the ratio between normal activity (2.5 to 3.75 cycles per minute, cpm) and activity in the tachygastria band (4 to 9.75 cpm), and with increasing nausea the ratio usually falls below 1. Data segments were recorded at baseline, twice after drug application, and after rotation. The constant fall of the ratio from baseline to post rotation was not different between men and women.