Table 1.
Top 35 individual plasma apparent lipid species as candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer (Concentration: pmol/µl).
Table 2.
Lipid classes in differentiation of prostate cancer (Concentration: nmol/µl).
Figure 1.
Effect of multiple individual lipid species in diagnosis of prostate cancer.
The points indicated by the two head arrows are the predictive powers of top 15 plasma apparent lipid species when they are used together in diagnosis of prostate cancer. Using top 15 plasma apparent lipid species has the highest sensitivity (93.6%), the highest specificity (90.1%), and higher accuracy (ROC Area, 97.3%) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer as compared with using any other combination of different numbers.
Table 3.
Comparison of predictive powers among groups with different numbers of identified plasma lipid biomarkers.
Figure 2.
Comparison of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with 390 and 15 selected plasma apparent lipid species.
A: The first component in PCA cross all 390 detected plasma apparent lipid species accounts for 28.3% of the overall variance; B: The first component in PCA cross 15 selected plasma apparent lipid biomarkers accounts for 86.9% of the overall variance.
Table 4.
Comparison of subject distributions and patient characteristics between upper and lower halves in the cluster of top 15 apparent lipid species.
Table 5.
Comparison of predictive values (%) of the top 15 plasma lipid biomarkers in diagnosis of prostate cancer in training set and testing set.
Figure 3.
Mass spectra of phosphocholine-containing lipids (Pre-184 positive mode, including biomarker species.
A: Spectra of 15 selected apparent lipid species in a representative patient with prostate cancer. B: Spectra of 15 selected apparent lipid species in a representative male control. Spectral intensities were normalized to that of internal standard LPC(13∶0). The intensities of phosphocholine-containing internal standards (I.S.) are indicated in green. The intensities of the identified biomarkers are shown in red. Internal standards and biomarkers (15 selected apparent lipid species) are labeled.