Figure 1.
The most parsimonious route of prehistoric expansion of Y-chromosomal haplogroup H1a1a-M82 and the recent out-of -India migration of European Roma ancestors.
Table 1.
Measure of Genetic Diversity and expansion ages of haplogroup H1a1a-M82 among different population groups.
Table 2.
The average number of pairwise differences are shown within (PiX along diagonal) and between (PiXY above diagonal) populations; pairwise (δμ)2 genetic distance values are depicted below the diagonal.
Figure 2.
Phylogenetic network relating Y-STR haplotypes within haplogroup H1a1a -M82.
The network was constructed using a median joining with MP (maximum parsimony) algorithm as implemented in the Network 4.6 program. The size of the circles is proportional to the number of samples. The data used for comparison have been taken from the literature (See Text S1).
Table 3.
Y-chromosomal haplogroup H1a1a-M82 founder analysis for Roma.
Figure 3.
Phylogenetic network relating Y-STR haplotypes within haplogroup H1a1a -M82- of Roma with northwest Indian populations.
The network was constructed using a median joining with MP (maximum parsimony) algorithm as implemented in the Network 4.6 program. The size of the circles is proportional to the number of samples. SC = Scheduled Caste and ST = Scheduled Tribe.
Table 4.
Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) using Y-STRs between groups of populations categorized on the basis of geography.