Figure 1.
Sporophyte structure in Neckeraceae.
Example of a perfect and a specialized sporophyte structure in Neckeraceae. a) Homalia trichomanoides gametophyte (i) and sporophytes (ii) with long setas and slightly inclined capsules; b) SEM view of well-developed hypnalean peristome in H. trichomanoides. c) Neckera pennata gametophyte (i) and sporophytes (ii) that have short setas immersed in perichaetial leaves and upright capsules; d) SEM view of reduced peristome in N. pennata. Pictures reprinted with permission of M. S. Ignatov and E. Ignatova.
Figure 2.
Ancestral character state reconstruction for habitat preference and four morphological traits.
Ancestral character state reconstruction for habitat preference and four morphological traits that evolution may correlate with the habitat shifts among Neckeraceae and Lembophyllaceae. The color of the branches in the inferred Bayesian topology represents two states of the habitat: on soil/unexposed (light gray) and epiphytic/exposed (for branches with probability >0.95 = black). Branches with probability >0.90 but <0.95 for epiphytic/exposed habitats are with dark gray color. Probabilities for morphological ancestral character state are shown as pie diagrams in the nodes. BayesFactor (BF) support for epiphytic/exposed habitat preference is shown below branches. For morphological traits BF for a derived character state is indicated with color of pie diagrams: BF <2 light gray, BF >2 dark gray; and BF >5 with black (see Table 1). Pie diagrams along branches are in the same order as in the legend showing their character states (a–d). Character states for terminals are stated before the taxon name. Dash (−) indicates missing or inapplicable data. Nodes A–E with show lineages with shifts to epiphytic or other exposed habitats.
Table 1.
Bayes Factor (BF) support for four morphological traits and habitat preference.
Table 2.
Correlated evolution between change in morphology and shift to exposed epiphytic or epilithic habitat.
Table 3.
Comparisons between rates of dual character state change in morphology and habitat.