Figure 1.
Work flow of laser microdissection of rapeseed.
(A) Progress of laser microdissection workflow applied to rapeseed. Hypocotyl and radicle (HR), inner cotyledon (IC), outer cotyledon (OC), seed coat and endosperm (SE) were successively dissected from rapeseed. (B) Micrographs of dissected tissues. Bar represents 1 mm.
Table 1.
Weights (mg) of laser microdissected samples obtained from four individual seeds.
Figure 2.
Glucosinolate profiles and distribution in different rapeseed tissues.
(A) HPLC chromatograms of glucosinolate profiling in laser-microdissected samples from rapeseed detected at 229 nm. ▾ contamination peaks. (B) Total glucosinolate concentration and concentrations of individual glucosinolates 1–11 in four dissected samples. HR, hypocotyl and radicle; IC, inner cotyledon; OC, outer cotyledon; and SE, seed coat and endosperm. Each column shows the mean of four replicates with standard error. *means not detectable. Peaks: 1, progoitrin; 2, epiprogoitrin; 3, glucoraphanin; 4, gluconapoleiferin; 5, glucoalyssin; 6, gluconapin; 7, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin; 8, glucobrassicanapin; 9, glucoerucin; 10, glucoberteroin; and 11, gluconasturtiin.
Figure 3.
Distribution of sinapine in rapeseed.
(A) Structure of sinapine (12). (B) Sinapine concentrations in different rapeseed tissues and whole rapeseed. HR, hypocotyl and radicle; IC, inner cotyledon; OC, outer cotyledon; and SE, seed coat and endosperm. Each column shows the mean of four replicates with standard error.
Figure 4.
Distribution of the major cyclic spermidine in rapeseed.
(A) Structure of the major cyclic spermidine conjugate (13) identified from rapeseed. (B) The concentration of 13 in different tissues and whole rapeseed. HR, hypocotyl and radicle; IC, inner cotyledon; OC, outer cotyledon; and SE, seed coat and endosperm. Each column shows the mean of four replicates with standard error, and *means not detectable.
Figure 5.
Distribution of the two major flavonoids in rapeseed.
(A) Structures of two major flavonoids found in rapeseed: 14, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; and 15, kaempferol-3-O-(2-O-sinapoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. (B) Concentrations of 14 and 15 in different rapeseed tissues and whole rapeseed. HR, hypocotyl and radicle; IC, inner cotyledon; OC, outer cotyledon; and SE, seed coat and endosperm. Each column shows the mean of four replicates with standard error, and *means not detectable.
Figure 6.
Hypothetical compartementation of phenolics biosynthetic pathways in different rapeseed tissues.
HR, hypocotyl and radicle; IC, inner cotyledon; OC, outer cotyledon; and SE, seed coat and endosperm.