Figure 1.
Schematic of MRI data processing.
Table 1.
Demographic information for each of the diagnosis groups (normal controls (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD)) at the baseline.
Table 2.
The classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the support vector machine (SVM) classifiers are given for distinguishing normal controls (NC) and subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), NC and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjects with MCI and AD.
Figure 2.
Hippocampal shape differences among normal controls (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
Panels (a,b) respectively show group differences in the left and right hippocampal surface deformations between MCI and NC. Panels (c,d) respectively show group differences in the left and right hippocampal surface deformations between AD and MCI. Warm color denotes regions where structures have surface outward-deformation in the former group when compared with the latter group, while cool color denotes regions where structures have surface inward-deformation in the former group when compared with the latter group.
Table 3.
ISOMAP components of the hippocampus and lateral ventricles as well as CSF markers contribute to the group differences between normal controls (NC) and subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), NC and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjects with MCI and AD.
Figure 3.
Shape differences of the lateral ventricles among normal controls (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
Panels (a,b) respectively show group differences in the left and right lateral ventricular surface deformations between MCI and NC. Panels (c,d) respectively show group differences in the left and right lateral ventricular surface deformations between AD and MCI. Warm color denotes regions where structures have surface outward-deformation in the former group when compared with the latter group, while cool color denotes regions where structures have surface inward-deformation in the former group when compared with the latter group.
Table 4.
The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for predicting the MCI converters are listed when the volumes or shapes of the hippocampus (Hp) or the lateral ventricles (LV), or the CSF markers, or their combination were used as features in the classification.