Figure 1.
Commonly accepted non-mitochondrial pathways involved in the production of major reactive oxygen species in stimulated bivalve molluscs’ hemocytes, outside the cell membrane (left) and inside phagocytic vacuole (right).
Molecular targets of inhibitors (grey boxes) are indicated. NO, nitric oxide; ONOO−, peroxynitrite; O2−, superoxide; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; HOCl, hypochloride; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MPO, myeloperoxidase. Adapted from Donaghy et al., 2009 [2].
Figure 2.
Hypothetical mitochondrial respiratory chain and sites of ROS production in bivalve molluscs.
Molecular targets of inhibitors (grey boxes) are indicated.
Table 1.
Intracellular activity and molecular targets of selected chemicals.
Table 2.
Tested concentrations of chemicals and final concentration of diluents.
Figure 3.
Effects of DPI on mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and ROS production of C. gigas unstimulated hemocytes.
Results are expressed as mean (n = 3) percentage of control (i.e., without inhibitor) ± confidence interval (α = 0.05). An asterisk indicates a statistically significant (t-test, p<0.05) difference with the control condition.
Figure 4.
Effects of FCCP (A), Valinomycin (B) and Nigericin (C) on Δψm and ROS production of C. gigas unstimulated hemocytes.
Results are expressed as mean (n = 3) percentage of control (i.e., without inhibitor) ± confidence interval (α = 0.05). An asterisk indicates a statistically significant (t-test, p<0.05) difference with the control condition.
Figure 5.
Effects of Antimycin A on Δψm and ROS production of C. gigas unstimulated hemocytes.
Results are expressed as mean (n = 3) percentage of control (i.e., without inhibitor) ± confidence interval (α = 0.05). An asterisk indicates a statistically significant (t-test, p<0.05) difference with the control condition.
Figure 6.
Effects of SHAM (A) and Oligomycin (B) on Δψm and ROS production of C. gigas unstimulated hemocytes.
Results are expressed as mean (n = 3) percentage of control (i.e., without inhibitor) ± confidence interval (α = 0.05). An asterisk indicates a statistically significant (t-test, p<0.05) difference with the control condition.