Table 1.
Rate of bacterial translocation in rats from different groups.
Figure 1.
Serum concentration of LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6.
Note: aP<0.01 compared to group C; bP<0.01 compared to group H; cP<0.01 compared to group HL.
Figure 2.
Changes in the ultrastructure of rat intestinal capillaries.
A In the control group, lanthanum particles were only distributed on capillary lumens; no La3+ sediment was observed on the basement membrane lateral or extravascular mesenchyme. The morphology of nuclei and organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi complex was normal. TEM, ×8900. B In the hypoxia group, La3+ particles were distributed along the vessel basement membrane. Mild swelling of the organelles was observed. TEM, ×8900. C In the hypoxia group, many La3+ particles were found to penetrate the basement membrane through the vessel TJs into tissue space, and La3+ sediments were observed in the tissues of surrounding vessel. TEM, ×8900. D In the HP group, La3+ particles were limited to capillary lumens. No see La3+ sediment on the basement membrane lateral or surrounding mesenchyme. No notable abnormalities of organelles were found. TEM, ×8900. E In the HL group, La3+ particles were distributed diffusively in the vessel the inside of basement membrane, A large number of La3+ particles penetrate the basement membrane into the TJs, the surrounding vessel endothelial TJs space were enlarged. TEM, ×8900. F In the HPL group, La3+ particles were distributed in vessel lumens, and only in the local endothelial basement membrane. No La3+ particles were observed in the tissue space of surrounding vessel. TEM, ×8900.
Figure 3.
Changes in the ultrastructure of rat intestinal microvilli and interstitial space.
A In the group C, La3+ particles were distributed in the lumen of the small intestine. The number and structure of microvilli were normal. No La3+ particles were found in the intercellular space. TEM, ×15,000. B In the H group, the TJs between epithelial cells were expanded. La3+ particles were observed in the intercellular space and TJs. TEM, ×15,000. C In the H group, atrophy and the sloughing of some small intestinal microvilli were observed. Swelling of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, part of the regional organizations is completely dissolved.. TEM, ×8900. D In the HP group, La3+ particles were observed in the lumen of the intestine. The number of epithelial microvilli was reduced, some microvilli damage,organelle ultrastructure basic normal. No La3+ sediment was observed in the intercellular space. TEM, ×15,000. E In the HLgroup, Intestinal epithelial cell necrosis, microvilli destruction collapse, organelle dissolution, a large number of La3+ particles into the tissue space and cytoplasm. TEM, ×15,000. F In the HPL group, microvilli structure is normal, a small amount of of La3+ particles attached to the surface of microvilli, and no La3+ particles were found in organizational gap and TJs.TEM, ×15,000.
Figure 4.
Relative TLR4 mRNA levels in the jejunal tissues of rats from the different groups (n = 7, X¯ ± s).
Note: aP<0.01 compared to group C; bP<0.01 compared to group H; cP<0.01 compared to group HL.
Figure 5.
WB detection of protein expressions of NF-κB p65 and occluding.
A WB result for NF-κB p65 and occludin. B Quantification for expression of NF-κB p65 protein. C Quantification for expression of occludin protein. aP<0.01 compared to group C; bP<0.01 compared to group H; cP<0.01 compared to group HL.