Figure 1.
Microvesicles are present at the surface of the Echinostoma caproni tegument.
Parasite tegumental area as seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at different magnifications: ×200000 (A), and ×350000 (B). t: tegument; mv: microvesicles. The dots in the scale bars correspond to 1/10 of the length indicated in the figure.
Figure 2.
Echinostoma caproni secretes exosome-like vesicles.
Production of E. caproni vesicles seen by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at different magnifications: ×100000 (A), ×200000 (C), ×80000 (B, D). t: tegument; mvb; multivesicular bodies.
Figure 3.
Exosome-like vesicles obtained from Echinostoma caproni and Fasciola hepatica.
Excretory/secretory materials (ESP) from E. caproni (A) and F. hepatica (B) were ultracentrifuged and the insoluble material was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Membranous vesicles of 30–100 nm of diameter are observed. Magnification ×200000.
Figure 4.
Trematode exosomes-like vesicles contain typical ESP proteins.
E. caproni vesicles probed with preimmune sera (A). Immunodetection of enolase (B), actin (C) in E. caproni exosomes, and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in F. hepatica exosomes (D) are shown. Magnification ×100000.
Figure 5.
E.caproni tegument presents microvesicles containing gold labeled actin.
t: tegument. Magnification ×80000.
Figure 6.
Uptake of E. caproni exosomes by intestinal IEC-18 cells.
Confocal images of FM4–64 stained E. caproni exosomes (red) after different times of incubation. Magnification ×600. The scale bars correspond to 50 mm.