Figure 1.
Number of S. mutans UA159 proteins detected in the biofilms.
From 1966 proteins encoded by this organism. A) Mixed-species biofilms (S. mutans, A. naeslundii and S. oralis) and B) Single-species biofilms (S. mutans alone). Among the common proteins at 67 and 115 h, 817 were detected in both single and mixed-species biofilms. Number of proteins in mixed- U single-species at 67 h is 87 proteins, whereas mixed- U single-species at 115 h are 12 proteins. The number of proteins detected exclusively in mixed-species biofilms was 70 and 19 at 67 and 115 h, respectively; and in single-species biofilms was 51 and 25 at 67 and 115 h, respectively.
Figure 2.
Distribution of S. mutans UA159 proteins into specific gene ontology (GO) of biological processes.
The organization was performed via Proteome Center Software.
Figure 3.
Sucrose and starch metabolism pathway.
Adapted KEGG pathway with proteins detected by MudPIT analysis highlighted. The blue square represents mixed-species biofilms; and the red square represents S. mutans biofilms. The fold of change of protein synthesis from 67 to 115 h is indicated by arrows; fold ≥1.5 represents induction (red ↑); fold ≤0.6 represents repression (green ↓); and no arrows are depicted for fold 1.5< and >0.6. The proteins represented in this diagram are important for S. mutans biofilm formation and survival: sugar uptake (ScrA, ScrB, PtsG, MalM), EPS matrix (Ftf, GtfB), intracellular polysaccharide storage (AmyA, GlgA, GlgB, GlgP). * Plus TreA.
Table 1.
Proteins related to EPS synthesis and remodeling.
Table 2.
Proteins related to IPS and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) metabolism.
Table 3.
Proteins related to acid and stress tolerance response: F1F0-ATPase and fatty acid metabolism (linked to membrane composition).
Table 4.
Proteins related to acid and stress tolerance response: Proteins responsible for regulation of intracellular pH - branched chain amino acids (BCAA), malolatic fermentation (MLF), and agmatine diamenase system (AgDS).
Figure 4.
Dynamics of S. mutans gene expression during mixed-species biofilm development.
Depicts selected S. mutans genes based on the proteome data. Comparison of gene expression data acquired at each time point for mixed-species biofilms (43 h vs. 67 h vs. 91 h vs.115 h) are shown; values connected by line are not significantly different from each other (P<0.05; n = 12).