Table 1.
Characteristics of the 11 diatom species: taxonomy, references, and ecological guild.
Table 2.
Chemical properties and mode of action of the 8 herbicides.
Table 3.
EC50 and EC5 (µg/l) values extrapolated from dose-response curves for 5 herbicides and 11 diatom species. 95% confidence intervals are shown in square brackets. A dash indicates a failed culture.
Figure 1.
SSD curves of the 5 herbicides and details of species sensitivity ranking.
Curves are based on EC5 values a), b), c), and EC50 values d), e), f) for five herbicides grouped according to their mode of action. In b) and e) the code name in bold type corresponds to the isoproturon curve.Species references: FCVA: Fragilaria capucina var. vaucheriae; FRUM: Fragilaria rumpens; FULN: Fragilaria ulna; CRAC: Craticula accomoda; MAFO: Mayamaea fossalis; EOMI: Eolimna minima; NPAL: Nitzschia palea; ADMI: Achnanthidium minutissimum; CMEN: Cyclotella meneghiniana; ELSE: Encyonema silesiacum; GPAR: Gomphonema parvulum.
Table 4.
Hazardous concentration (HC5 and HC50) values extrapolated from SSD curves based on EC5 or EC50 of diatoms for 5 herbicides.
Figure 2.
SSD curves of each herbicide based on benthic diatom sensitivities.
Curves are based on a) EC5 and b) EC50 values. Each symbol represents one species.