Table 1.
Somatometric and PCOS-like traits, right hand 2nd digit length and 2D∶4D finger length ratio, in control (n = 19), early (EPA, n = 7) and late (LPA, n = 7) prenatally androgenized female and control male (n = 9) rhesus monkeys.
Figure 1.
Right hand (RH) finger parameters in adult control and early (EPA) and late (LPA) prenatally androgenized female and male rhesus monkeys.
(A) RH 2D finger length (a p<2.9×10−4, Control<Male; b p<0.041, EPA>Control; c p<0.012, LPA<Male), (B) RH 4D finger length (d p<3.6×10−4, Control<Male; e p<3.6×10−4, EPA<Male; f p<0.002; LPA<Male), (C) RH 2D∶4D ratio (g p<6.6×10−4, EPA>Male; h p<0.009 EPA>Control Female; I p<0.016, EPA>LPA), (D) relationship between RH 2D finger length and anogenital distance (all groups, dashed line: r2 = 0.76, p<1.0×10−6; females only, dot-dash line: r2 = 0.79, p<1.0×10−4; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), solid lines), (E) relationship between RH 4D finger length and anogential distance (all groups, dashed line: r2 = 0.65, p<5.7×10−5; females only: n.s.; 95% CI, solid lines), (F) relationship between RH 2D∶4D ratio and anogenital distance (all groups: n.s.; females only, dot-dash line: r2 = 0.79, p<6.3×10−4; 95% CI, solid lines), (G) relationship between RH 2D finger length and duration of gestational exposure to testosterone propionate (Control and EPA females only, dotted line: r2 = 0.62, p<6.0×10−5; 95% CI, solid lines), (H) relationship between RH 4D finger length and duration of gestational exposure to testosterone propionate (Control and EPA females only: n.s.), and (I) the relationship between RH 2D∶4D ratio and duration of gestational exposure to testosterone propionate (Control and EPA females only: n.s.). Horizontal dashed lines indicate range of control female values (G–I).
Figure 2.
Right foot (RF) toe parameters in adult control and early (EPA) and late (LPA) prenatally androgenized female and male rhesus monkeys.
(A) RF 2D finger length, (B) RF 4D finger length (a p<9.0×10−4, Control Female<Male; b p<0.002, EPA<Male; c p<0.011, LPA<Male), and (C) RF2D∶4D ratio (d p<0.02, Control Female>Male; e p<0.04, EPA>Male).
Table 2.
Mean (± SEM) digit length in control, early (EPA) and late (LPA) prenatally androgenized females and control male rhesus monkeys.
Table 3.
Mean (± SEM) digit length ratio in control, early (EPA) and late (LPA) prenatally androgenized female and control male rhesus monkeys.
Figure 3.
Female anogenital distance positively correlates (Control and early prenatally androgenized (EPA) females only, dotted line: r2 = 0.97, p<1.0×10−6; 95% CI, solid lines) with duration of early-to-mid gestation fetal T exposure.
Horizontal dashed lines indicate range of control female values.