Table 1.
SEARCH STRATEGY PUBMED.
Figure 1.
Flow chart of selection of studies.
The figures indicate the number of articles reviewed at each stage.
Table 2.
Table showing the characteristics of studies included and the data abstracted
Figure 2.
Funnel plot of studies estimating the risk ratio of post operative surgical site infections after clean orthopaedic implant surgery in HIV infected patients compared to HIV negative patients.
Points indicate the relative risks (x-axis) from 14 studies assessing the risk of post operative surgical site infections after implant orthopaedic surgery in HIV infected patients when compared to HIV negative patients.
Table 3.
Table showing the quality of studies comparing HIV infected and Non HIV infected cohorts.
Table 4.
Table showing the quality of studies comparing Antiretroviral Drugs/Extended Antibiotics and No Antiretroviral Drugs/Standard Antibiotics cohorts
Figure 3.
Risk of Infection after Implant Surgery in HIV patients compared to non HIV patients.
Study or Subgroup on the Y-axis refers to first author and publication year; events refers to the number of patients who suffered post operative surgical site infections while total refers to the number of patients in that group. Weight refers to influence of each study on overall estimate (weights are from fixed effect analyses); for each study the central square indicates risk ratio, line represents 95% confidence interval (CI), and the size of the square reflects the study's weight in the pooling; overall estimate refers to pooled estimate of risk ratio after mathematical combination of all studies; the X-axis indicates the scale and the direction of the effect of HIV status on the risk of post operative surgical site infection. I-squared denotes the extent of heterogeneity in study outcomes, with a (hypothetical) value of 100% meaning considerable heterogeneity and 0% meaning no heterogeneity between studies.
Figure 4.
Overall infections in patients undergoing surgery in the African continent.
Study or Subgroup on the Y-axis refers to first author and publication year; events refers to the number of patients who suffered post operative surgical site infections while total refers to the number of patients in that group. Weight refers to influence of each study on overall estimate (weights are from fixed effect analyses); for each study the central square indicates risk ratio, line represents 95% confidence interval (CI), and the size of the square reflects the study's weight in the pooling; overall estimate refers to pooled estimate of risk ratio after mathematical combination of all studies; the X-axis indicates the scale and the direction of the effect of HIV status on the risk of post operative surgical site infection. I-squared denotes the extent of heterogeneity in study outcomes, with a (hypothetical) value of 100% meaning considerable heterogeneity and 0% meaning no heterogeneity between studies.
Figure 5.
Risk of infection in patients undergoing surgery in the African continent after removing poorer quality studies.
Study or Subgroup on the Y-axis refers to first author and publication year; events refers to the number of patients who suffered post operative surgical site infections while total refers to the number of patients in that group. Weight refers to influence of each study on overall estimate (weights are from fixed effect analyses); for each study the central square indicates risk ratio, line represents 95% confidence interval (CI), and the size of the square reflects the study's weight in the pooling; overall estimate refers to pooled estimate of risk ratio after mathematical combination of all studies; the X-axis indicates the scale and the direction of the effect of HIV status on the risk of post operative surgical site infection. I-squared denotes the extent of heterogeneity in study outcomes, with a (hypothetical) value of 100% meaning considerable heterogeneity and 0% meaning no heterogeneity between studies.
Figure 6.
Overall risk of Infection in patients suffering from haemophilia.
Study or Subgroup on the Y-axis refers to first author and publication year; events refers to the number of patients who suffered post operative surgical site infections while total refers to the number of patients in that group. Weight refers to influence of each study on overall estimate (weights are from fixed effect analyses); for each study the central square indicates risk ratio, line represents 95% confidence interval (CI), and the size of the square reflects the study's weight in the pooling; overall estimate refers to pooled estimate of risk ratio after mathematical combination of all studies; the X-axis indicates the scale and the direction of the effect of HIV status on the risk of post operative surgical site infection. I-squared denotes the extent of heterogeneity in study outcomes, with a (hypothetical) value of 100% meaning considerable heterogeneity and 0% meaning no heterogeneity between studies.
Figure 7.
Risk of Infection in the first 30 days post operatively.
Study or Subgroup on the Y-axis refers to first author and publication year; events refers to the number of patients who suffered post operative surgical site infections while total refers to the number of patients in that group. Weight refers to influence of each study on overall estimate (weights are from fixed effect analyses); for each study the central square indicates risk ratio, line represents 95% confidence interval (CI), and the size of the square reflects the study's weight in the pooling; overall estimate refers to pooled estimate of risk ratio after mathematical combination of all studies; the X-axis indicates the scale and the direction of the effect of HIV status on the risk of post operative surgical site infection. I-squared denotes the extent of heterogeneity in study outcomes, with a (hypothetical) value of 100% meaning considerable heterogeneity and 0% meaning no heterogeneity between studies.
Table 5.
Management of Infections seen in the various studies (n = 8 studies)