Table 1.
Mitochondrial genome sequences of Pulmonata sequenced prior to the present study.
Figure 1.
The mitochondrial genome of Galba pervia.
Gene scaling is only approximate. All genes have standard nomenclature including the 22 tRNA genes, which are designated by the one-letter code for the corresponding amino acid, with numerals differentiating each of the two leucine- and serine-specifying tRNA (L1 and L2 for codon families CUN and UUR, respectively; S1 and S2 for codon families AGN and UCN, respectively).
Table 2.
Positions and nucleotide lengths of the mitochondrial genome of Galba pervia.
Table 3.
Nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial genomes of Pulmonata species.
Figure 2.
Comparison of the mitochondrial gene arrangement between Galba pervia and Radix balthica.
All genes have standard nomenclature including the 22 tRNA genes, which are designated by the one-letter code for the corresponding amino acid, with numerals differentiating each of the two leucine- and serine-specifying tRNA (L1 and L2 for codon families CUN and UUR, respectively; S1 and S2 for codon families AGN and UCN, respectively). Underlined genes are coded on the light strand.
Table 4.
Codon usage of Galba pervia mitochondrial protein-coding genes.
Figure 3.
Inferred phylogenetic relationship among Pulmonata species based on mitochondrial DNA sequences.
The concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes were analyzed utilizing maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analysis (Bayes), using Aplysia californica and A. dactylomela as outgroup. The numbers along branches indicate bootstrap probability (BP) and posterior probability (PP) resulting from different analyses in the order: MP/ML/Bayes. Alternative topologies were correspondingly shown on the downside of the tree. The colourred species indicated that the phylogenetic status of the family Ellobiidae remains problematic.
Table 5.
Primers used to amplify short-PCR fragments from Galba pervia.
Table 6.
Primers used to amplify Long-PCR fragments from Galba pervia.