Figure 1.
Trichome distribution on the leaf surface of A. annua during different developmental stages.
Figure 2.
Isolated glandular trichomes recovered from 30 µm mesh (A) and sucrose gradient purification (B).
NT, non-glandular trichome; GST, glandular secreting trichome.
Figure 3.
2DE patterns of proteins from trichomes (A, B, C) and leaves (D, E, F).
900 µg of proteins were loaded in each gel and stained with “Blue silver” staining solution. Proteins of isolated glandular trichomes of leaves (A, B, C) and corresponding leaves (D, E, F) are separated on pH gradients 4–7. Three biological repeats were obtained in the study.
Figure 4.
2DE patterns of trichome (A) and leaves (B) proteins.
82 non-redundant proteins in Table S1 were shown on the gel of glandular trichomes. About 70% of them were highly expressed in the glandular trichomes.
Figure 5.
Venn diagram of identified proteins in GSTs using NCBI or Artemisia EST databases.
Figure 6.
Imagines of up-regulated proteins in glandular trichomes compared with corresponding leaves.
The images on the left side of each panel are: A. p510: NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit M (gi|209573110); B. p667: V-type (H+)-ATPase V1, A subunit (gi|224109966); C. p90: cytochrome C oxidase polypeptide vib (gi|168061725); D. p245: artemisinic aldehyde delta-11(13) reductase (gi|197310860); E. p484: plastidic aldolase NPALDP1 (gi|108864048); F. p467: glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (gi|115371630); G. p353: phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (gi|114326546); H. p26: phosphopyruvate hydratase (gi|224080171); I. p88: glycine cleavage system H protein (gi|1346119); J. p106: predicted protein (PRK, gi|168006632); K. p242: nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (gi|1346675); L. p414: 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (gi|159477247); M. p83: eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5A (gi|85376261); N. p328: putative zinc dependent protease (gi|84468324); O. p200: chloroplast FtsH protease (gi|1483215); P. p191: cell division protein FtsH-like protein (072367_3859_2372_2p); Q. p399: cell division protein FtsH-like protein (072367_3859_2372_2p); R: p139: mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit alpha (gi|266567); S. p457: cysteine protease (gi|239937266); T. p473: peroxiredoxin (Contig38348_2p_5); U. p244: ABC_NikE_OppD_transporters (gi|218196275). The images on the right side of each panel are 2DE gels for corresponding leaves.
Figure 7.
Categorization and distribution of proteins in glandular trichomes.
Figure 8.
Enlarged 2DE gels for isolated trichomes (A, C) and corresponding leaves (B, D).
The labeled protein spots showed a higher protein accumulation in the isolated trichomes compared with the corresponding leaf tissue. A, B: DBR2; C, D: MECDP-synthase.
Figure 9.
The simplied pathway of terpenoid biosynthsis in plants.
Modified from reported data [48] MVA, 3R-Mevalonic acid; MEP, 2-C-Methy-D-erythritol 4-phosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; FPS, farnesyl diphosphate synthase; HMGR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase; DXS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase; DXR, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase; SQC, sesquiterpene cyclase; SQS, squalene synthase.