Figure 1.
Summary of results showing sampling site and panel of fish species recovered by eDNA.
Sampling locality (The Sound, Elsinore, Denmark) for this study with the three sampling sites; 1) open beach, 2) outer pier, 3) inner pier. The 15 different fish species obtained by eDNA in this study are shown with colour codes explaining in which of the three sampling sites they were found. All fish drawings by Susanne Weitemeyer ©.
Table 1.
Summary of species-specific eDNA sequences recovered in this study.
Figure 2.
Number of fish species recorded by 9 different conventional survey methods and eDNA at The Sound of Elsinore, Denmark.
Bars show mean number of fish species caught across surveys in 2009, 2010 and 2011 and error bars represent the standard deviation (see also Table S1). The eDNA bar represents the total amount of fish species recorded by this method in 2011. *) Depend heavily on competent experts in fish identification. **) Only possible where seabed conditions allow it.
Figure 3.
Results from eDNA degradation experiment. eDNA concentration in seawater as a function of time for the two fish species; Platichthys flesus (circles) and Gasterosteus aculeatus (triangles), investigated in a 50 l aquarium.
Time points with no detection of eDNA signals are shown in red. The lines show simple exponential decay models, p<0.001 (Platichthys flesus) and p<0.05 (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Dashed line shows the suggested detection threshold of 25 DNA molecules pr 400 ml seawater. Estimated time for eDNA to degrade beyond the detection threshold was estimated to be 0.9 days for Gasterosteus aculeatus and 6.7 days for Platichthys flesus. See also Materials and Methods section.
Table 2.
Primers and probe details showing sequences, target taxa and fragment sizes.