Figure 1.
Antibiograms and basic epidemiological characteristics of both MDR (A) and non-MDR (B) bacteria isolates.
Solid black: resistance to the antibiotics; Grey: susceptible to the antibiotics; Light grey: intermediate; White: N/A; ID: strain identification. HC worker: Healthcare worker.
Figure 2.
Plasmid profiles of representative MDR isolates and plasmid from transformants.
A) Plasmids from representative wild MDR isolates. Lane 2: #26*; Lane 3: #144; Lane 4:#145; Lane 5: #199; Lane 6: #201; Lane 7: #25; Lane 8: #432; Lane 9:#543; Lane 10:#547; Lane 11:#548; Lane 12:#782; Lane 13:#155 and Lane 14: #257. B) Plasmids from transformants of wild isolate plasmid extractions. Lane 2: #A**−150 (∼70 kb); Lane 3: #A-257(∼72 kb); Lane 4: #G-257(∼98 kb); Lane 5: #A-432 (∼98 kb); Lane 6: #G-432 (∼87 kb) ; Lane 7: #A-546 (∼88 kb); Lane 8: #A-351(∼100 kb); Lane 9: #A-638 (∼77 kb); Lane 10: #G-638 (∼78 kb); Lane 11: #A-120 (∼72 kb); Lane 12: #A-289 (∼ 52 kb) and Lane 13: #A-575 (∼49 kb) (Plasmids sizes were estimated by the EcoRI restriction enzyme digestion, Material and Methods: Plasmid Size Determination.) Both pane1s include the lambda HindIII DNA size marker in Lane #1. Numbers in bold represent two plasmids carrying multiple drug resistant genes in a single strain;*: strains number of wild parent strains from which -drug resistance plasmids are (their extracted plasmid transformants share the same strain #); **“A”: ampicillin resistant transformant; ***“G”: gentamicin resistant transformant.
Table 1.
Number of plasmids in MDR isolates compared with non-MDR isolates.
Table 2.
Summary of isolate hybridizations to microarray gene probesa.