Table 1.
Clinical outcomes and viral presence in mice challenged with Hendra virus.
Table 2.
Specific (binding) antibody to HeV sG and serum neutralisation titres at euthanasia.
Figure 1.
Lesions and antigen staining observed in tissues collected from intranasally challenged aged mice.
(A) & (B) Focal encephalitis with microglial activation, glial reaction, perivascular cuffing and a non-suppurative meningitis is seen in the piriform lobe (A)(H&E) and antigen staining (red, IHC) is seen in close association with the lesions (B). (C) Antigen staining (red, IHC) is seen in the glomeruli (GL), external plexiform layer (EPL), mitral cell layer (MCL) and granule cell layer (GCL) of the olfactory bulb. (D) Clusters of antigen positive cells (red, IHC) are seen within bronchoalveolar tissue of the lung. (E) Focal necrotising inflammation is seen in the olfactory mucosa (H&E), and (F) antigen staining (red, IHC) is seen in association with the lesions seen in (E). Inset picture (F) shows antigen staining (red) within cells of the olfactory mucosa (IHC). Scale bars = A) 20 µm, B) 20 µm, C) 50 µm, D) 20 µm, E) 20 µm, F) 20 µm and F inset) 20 µm.
Table 3.
Distribution of histologic lesions and viral antigen in the brain of intranasally HeV challenged mice.
Figure 2.
Viral loads in brain and lung tissue of HeV challenged mice.
RNA was extracted from tissue samples collected at euthanasia and analysed in duplicate using Taqman PCR assay detecting HeV N RNA and 18S rRNA and expressed as copies HeV(N)/1012copies 18S. * samples not available.
Table 4.
Clinical outcomes and viral presence in selected organs of aged BALB/c strain mice, challenged with Hendra virus via the intranasal route.
Table 5.
Viral RNA loads in tissues at euthanasia.
Table 6.
Distribution of histologic lesions and viral antigen in the brain of intranasally HeV challenged mice.
Figure 3.
Representative immunoflourescent confocal images of vibrating microtome sections of brain tissue from HeV infected mice.
(A) HeV antigen (red) was detected in cells of distinctly neuronal morphology at day 11 post infection (PI) in the piriform lobe. (B) Viral antigen (red) was not seen in cells identified as astrocytes through positive staining for GFAP (green) in olfactory bulb at day 9 PI. (C) HeV antigen (red) was not seen in cells identified as oligodendrocytes through positive staining for MBP (green) in olfactory bulb at day 11 PI. (D) HeV antigen was only occasionally seen in microglia, identified with labelling for Iba1 (green) in olfactory bulb at day 9 PI. HeV antigen labeling (arrow) was discrete and circumscribed, consistent with its presence within a cellular compartment such as a lysosome. (E) Section of olfactory bulb showing a capillary amongst HeV infected cells at day 10 PI. HeV antigen (red) and GFAP (green) are not colocalised. The endothelial cell cytoplasm (arrow) is negative for HeV antigen. Scale bars = A) 50 µm, B) 10 µm, C) 15 µm, D) 10 µm and E) 10 µm.