Table 1.
Summary of statistical analyses.
Figure 1.
Ventral view of Chinook salmon, for Exposure 1 with recovery periods of 0, 2, 5, and 10 days post-exposure as well as an example of a control fish. Day 0 displays hematomas of the swim bladder, liver, and adipose tissue, as well as hemorrhaging of the intestine. Day 2 displays hemorrhaging of the spleen and hematomas of the intestine and adipose tissue. Day 5 displays a hematoma of the intestine. Day 10 displays a fish with no visible injuries, though mottling of the spleen (raspberry appearance) can be observed which was present in most fish that were exposed to sound pile driving sounds, and not usually present in control fish. The anterior ends of all fish are orientated to the left.
Figure 2.
The frequency of occurrence of injuries from Exposure 1, Exposure 2, and the controls.
Frequency of occurrence of injuries observed in Chinook salmon for Exposure 1(A), Exposure 2 (B), and control (C) at each of the four sample times post exposure. For a more detailed analysis of the individual injuries and their physiological significance please refer to Halvorsen et al. [16].
Figure 3.
Injuries that were observed in Chinook salmon for Exposure 1 and 2 as well as the different days post-exposure. There were a higher number of injuries observed at Exposure 1 versus Exposure 2. Numbers of injuries observed were higher at the earlier days post-exposure for Exposure 1 compared with the later days indicating that healing was occurring.
Figure 4.
Injury index values for Chinook salmon.
The injury index values for Exposure 1 and 2 to which Chinook salmon were exposed. There was a significant decrease in RWI scores from day 2 to day 5 in Exposure 1 fish (solid blue diamonds), suggesting that this is when healing is beginning to occur. There were no differences between days 5 and 10, implying that after initial healing of more serious injuries occurs, it then may take longer for minor injuries such as hematomas to heal. There was no significant difference between days 0 through 10 for fish in Exposure 2 (solid red triangles) and each day was not significantly different than controls (open blue diamond for Exposure 1 and open red triangle for Exposure 2).